Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation:
The possible codon sequence for Val amino acid has to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
RNA synthesis: The process of RNA synthesis is Transcription. A small section of DNA unwinds, only one of the two strands act as template and the other strand as informational strand. The complementary bases are attached one by one by the action of RNA polymerase at template strand on moving down. The newly generated RNA is the exact copy of the informational strand, with the exception that a U replaces each T in the template DNA. The RNA synthesised carries genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three-
Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
Illustrated relationships are:
DNA informational strand: 5’ ATG CCA GTA GGC CAC TTG TCA 3’
DNA Template strand: 3’ TAC GGT CAT CCG GTG AAC AGT 5’
mRNA: 5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG UCA 3’
protein: Met Pro Val Gly His Leu Ser
Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.
b)
Interpretation:
The possible codon sequence for ‘Arg’ amino acid has to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
RNA synthesis: The process of RNA synthesis is Transcription. A small section of DNA unwinds, only one of the two strands act as template and the other strand as informational strand. The complementary bases are attached one by one by the action of RNA polymerase at template strand on moving down. The newly generated RNA is the exact copy of the informational strand, with the exception that a U replaces each T in the template DNA. The RNA synthesised carries genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three-nucleotide sequence that is a stop codon and stops translation.
Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
Illustrated relationships are:
DNA informational strand: 5’ ATG CCA GTA GGC CAC TTG TCA 3’
DNA Template strand: 3’ TAC GGT CAT CCG GTG AAC AGT 5’
mRNA: 5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG UCA 3’
protein: Met Pro Val Gly His Leu Ser
Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.
c)
Interpretation:
The possible codon sequence for ‘Ser’ amino acid has to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
RNA synthesis: The process of RNA synthesis is Transcription. A small section of DNA unwinds, only one of the two strands act as template and the other strand as informational strand. The complementary bases are attached one by one by the action of RNA polymerase at template strand on moving down. The newly generated RNA is the exact copy of the informational strand, with the exception that a U replaces each T in the template DNA. The RNA synthesised carries genetic information and directs protein synthesis.
Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three-nucleotide sequence that is a stop codon and stops translation.
Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
Illustrated relationships are:
DNA informational strand: 5’ ATG CCA GTA GGC CAC TTG TCA 3’
DNA Template strand: 3’ TAC GGT CAT CCG GTG AAC AGT 5’
mRNA: 5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG UCA 3’
protein: Met Pro Val Gly His Leu Ser
Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.
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