Principles of Corporate Finance (Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781259144387
Author: Richard A Brealey, Stewart C Myers, Franklin Allen
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 27PS
Risk management Petrochemical Parfum (PP) is concerned about a possible increase in the price of heavy fuel oil, which is one of its major inputs. Show how PP can use either options or futures contracts to protect itself against a rise in the price of crude oil. Show how the payoffs in each case would vary if the oil price were $70, $80, or $90 a barrel. What are the advantages and disadvantages for PP of using futures rather than options to reduce risk?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Suppose you are concerned about your firm’s jet fuel exposure. Further, your analysis suggests the best futures contract to hedge jet fuel is unleaded gasoline. The fuel volatility (standard deviation of changes in' your firm’s entire jet fuel exposure) is $17,347,281, and the unleaded gasoline futures contract volatility (standard deviation of price changes in one unleaded gasoline futures contract) is $14,490. Suppose the correlation coefficient between fuel volatility and unleaded gasoline futures contract volatility is 0.71. Calculate the minimum variance hedge ratio. Defend whether this’ is a perfect hedge.
Suppose that the relationship between the rate of return on IBM stock, the market index, and a computer industry index can be described by the following regression equation: rIBM =.5rM + .75rindustry. If a futures contract on the computer industry is traded, how would you hedge the exposure to the systematic and industry factors affecting the performance of IBM stock? Specifically, how many dollars’ worth of the market and industry index contracts would you buy or sell for each dollar held in IBM?
We understand standard deviation of returns as a measure of risk and rational investors would like to minimize risk. Notwithstanding this, you may have read that as the standard deviation of returns of the underlying asset increases the value of an option rises. If standard deviation is a measure of risk and investors do not particularly like it, why does it lead to an increase in an option's value? (40-60 words)
Chapter 26 Solutions
Principles of Corporate Finance (Mcgraw-hill/Irwin Series in Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate)
Ch. 26 - Vocabulary check Define the following terms: a....Ch. 26 - Prob. 2PSCh. 26 - Prob. 3PSCh. 26 - Futures prices Calculate the value of a six-month...Ch. 26 - Prob. 5PSCh. 26 - Prob. 6PSCh. 26 - Prob. 7PSCh. 26 - Prob. 8PSCh. 26 - Prob. 9PSCh. 26 - Prob. 10PS
Ch. 26 - Hedging You own a 1 million portfolio of aerospace...Ch. 26 - Prob. 12PSCh. 26 - Prob. 13PSCh. 26 - Catastrophe bonds On some catastrophe bonds,...Ch. 26 - Futures contracts List some of the commodity...Ch. 26 - Prob. 16PSCh. 26 - Prob. 17PSCh. 26 - Prob. 18PSCh. 26 - Prob. 20PSCh. 26 - Prob. 21PSCh. 26 - Prob. 22PSCh. 26 - Hedging What is meant by delta () in the context...Ch. 26 - Futures and options A gold-mining firm is...Ch. 26 - Prob. 25PSCh. 26 - Hedging Price changes of two gold-mining stocks...Ch. 26 - Risk management Petrochemical Parfum (PP) is...Ch. 26 - Total return swaps Is a total return swap on a...Ch. 26 - Prob. 30PSCh. 26 - Prob. 31PSCh. 26 - Prob. 32PSCh. 26 - You are a vice president of Rensselaer Advisers...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, finance and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Both gold-mining firms and oil-producing firms might choose to use futures to hedge uncertainty in future revenues due to price fluctuations. But trading activity sharply tails off for maturities beyond one year. Suppose a firm wishes to use available (short maturity) contracts to hedge com-modity prices at a more distant horizon, say, four years from now. Do you think the hedge will be more effective for the oil- or the gold-producing firm?arrow_forwardState whether the following statements are true or false. In each case, provide a brief explanation. a. In a risk averse world, the binomial model states that, other things being equal, the greater the probability of an up movement in the stock price, the lower the value of a European put option. b. By observing the prices of call and put options on a stock, one can recover an estimate of the expected stock return. c. An investor would like to purchase a European call option on an underlying stock index with a strike price of 210 and a time to maturity of 3 months, but this option is not actively traded. However, two otherwise identical call options are traded with strike prices of 200 and 220 respectively, hence the investor can replicate a call with a strike price of 210 by holding a static position in the two traded calls. d. In a binomial world,if a stock is more likely to go up in price than to go down, an increase in volatility would increase the price of a call option and reduce…arrow_forwardABC Co. has a large amount of variable rate financing due in one year. The management is concerned about the possibility of increases in short-term rates. Which would be an effective way of hedging this risk?a. Buy Treasury notes in the futures market.b. Sell Treasury notes in the futures market.c. Buy an option to purchase Treasury bonds.d. Sell an option to purchase Treasury bondsarrow_forward
- The security market line (SML) is an equation that shows the relationship between risk as measured by beta and the required rates of return on individual securities. The SML equation is given below: If a stock's expected return plots on or above the SML, then the stock's return is sufficient to compensate the investor for risk. If a stock's expected return plots below the SML, the stock's return is insufficient to compensate the investor for risk.The SML line can change due to expected inflation and risk aversion. If inflation changes, then the SML plotted on a graph will shift up or down parallel to the old SML. If risk aversion changes, then the SML plotted on a graph will rotate up or down becoming more or less steep if investors become more or less risk averse. A firm can influence market risk (hence its beta coefficient) through changes in the composition of its assets and through changes in the amount of debt it uses. Quantitative Problem: You are given the following…arrow_forwardA major requirement in managing a fixed-income portfolio using a contingent immunization policy is monitoring the relationship between the current market value of the portfolio and the required value of the floor portfolio. This difference is defined as the margin of error. In this regard, assume a $300 million portfolio with a time horizon of six years. The available market rate at the initiation of the portfolio is 12%, but the client is willing to accept 10% as a floor rate to allow use of active management strategies. The current market values and current market rates at the end of Years 1, 2, and 3 are as follows: End of Year Market Value ($ Mil) Market Yeild 1 $334.9 10 % 2 399.5 9 3 401.2 11 Assume that semiannual compounding is used. Do not round intermediate calculations. Enter your answers in millions. For example, an answer of $1.20 million should be entered as 1.20, not 1,200,000. Round your answers to two decimal places. Calculate the required…arrow_forward(a) True or False: The difference between the price of oil in California and the price of oil in Texas implies that there is an opportunity to arbitrage. (b) True or False: If the price of corn in market X is higher than market Y, then corn will be transported from market X to Y. (c) True or False: The basis for a cash market at the futures delivery point will decrease to zero at the expiration of its associated futures contract. (d) True or False: The basis for all cash markets will decrease to zero at the expiration of its associated futures contract.arrow_forward
- The standard deviation of returns on Wildcat Oil Drilling is very high. Does this necessarily imply that Wildcat Oil Drilling is a high-risk investment when investors hold diversified portfolios? Explain why or why not. The equation for beta in Chapter 8 shows that the nondiversifiable risk of an asset is the product of its standard deviation of returns and the correlation of those returns with those on a well-diversified portfolio. Wildcat Oil Drilling may have a high standard deviation of returns, but if those returns are poorly correlated with those on a well-diversified portfolio, as is likely the case, nondiversifiable risk may be low. In other words, if investors can diversify away most of Wildcat’s risk, then it is not truly a high-risk investment.arrow_forwardThe Black–Scholes option pricing model (OPM) was developed in 1973. The creation of the Black–Scholes OPM played a significant role in the rapid growth of options trading. The derivation of the Black–Scholes Option Pricing Model rests on the concept of a riskless hedge or leveraged buyout According to the Black–Scholes Option Pricing Model, as the variance, σ2σ2, increases, the value of the call option increase or decrease Happy Orange Storage Company has a current stock price of $28.00. A call option on this stock has an exercise price of $28.00 and 0.25 year to maturity. The variance of the stock price is 0.09, and the risk-free rate is 6%. You calculate d₁ to be 0.18 and N(0.18) to be 0.5714. Therefore, d₂ will be 0.03 and N(0.03) will be 0.5120. Using the Black–Scholes Option Pricing Model, what is the value of the option? (Note: Use 2.7183 as the approximate value of e.) $1.877 $1.408 $1.971 $1.689arrow_forwardThis question is about futures risk premia. Consider a two period economy.You can buy stocksin period 0, and then sell them in period 1. You can also enter into futures contracts in period 0, whichexpire in period 1. Since buying single-stock futures appears to be a fairly profitable trade, you decide toinvest in a futures strategy. You enter a long futures contract position. You also invest cash in period 0 at the risk-free rate, so you have just enough topay for the futures contract at expiration. You plan to sell the stock just after expiration. What is theexpected return on this trading strategy (in terms of expected period-1 dollars you get, per period-0dollar invested)?arrow_forward
- (a) What is the expected shape of a futures curve for cotton (a storable commodity)? What about for live hogs (a non-storable commodity)? (b) Explain why a rational economic agent may still choose to hold stocks even if the expected return on stocks is negative.arrow_forwardConsider an economy where Capital Asset Pricing Model holds. In this economy, stocks A and B have the following characteristics: • Stock A has and expected return of 22% and a beta of 2. • Stock B has an expected return of 15% and a beta of 0.8. The standard deviation of the market portfolio’s return is 18%. (a) Assuming that stocks A and B are correctly priced according to the CAPM, compute the risk-free rate and the market risk premium. (b) Draw the security market line, showing the positions of stocks A and B, as well as the risk-free rate and the market portfolio on the plot. You are not required to draw the security market line to scale. (c) Consider stock C that has an expected return of 30%, a beta of 2.3, and a standard deviation of returns of 20%. According to the CAPM, calculated in part (a) above, is stock C overpriced, underpriced, or correctly priced? What would you recommend to investors? (d) Briefly explain the definition of market portfolio in a CAPM economyarrow_forwardA) Assume that you have some shares of stock in ABC Inc. Why do we say that if you also purchase a put option on the same stock, the price paid to buy the put option is like paying an insurance premium? B) We understand standard deviation of returns as a measure of risk and rational investors would like to minimize risk. Notwithstanding this, you may have read that as the standard deviation of returns of the underlying asset increases the value of an option rises. If standard deviation is a measure of risk and investors do not particularly like it, why does it lead to an increase in an option's value?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course...FinanceISBN:9781337395083Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. DavesPublisher:Cengage Learning
Intermediate Financial Management (MindTap Course...
Finance
ISBN:9781337395083
Author:Eugene F. Brigham, Phillip R. Daves
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Accounting for Derivatives Comprehensive Guide; Author: WallStreetMojo;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9D-0LoM4dy4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Option Trading Basics-Simplest Explanation; Author: Sky View Trading;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=joJ8mbwuYW8;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY