BIOLOGY: ESSENTIALS >LL< W/ CONNECT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9781260635379
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 26, Problem 2WIO
Explain the observation that animals with exoskeletons and endoskeletons are better represented in the fossil record than are animals with hydrostatic skeletons. How might this difference affect scientific interpretations of the fossil record?
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Use the photo and fossil of this specimen (they are from the same species that was an ancestor to a modern class of tetrapods) to answer the following:
What class of tetrapod would you predict this specimen belongs to?
What features of the body make it resemble the class you provided?
What MAJOR ABILITY would this specimen lack that the class above would have?
What is the name of this type ancestral specimen?
(1) What is the most common way for a dead organism to avoid decomposition?
(2) Why do researchers look for fossils in places that are now dry and barren instead of
other places like forests or grasslands?
(3) What kind of dating from the lecture or textbook would be the best method for finding
the number of years ago when a volcanic rock was formed?
(4) Why is the pelvis of a biped shorter and wider than the pelvis of a quadruped?
(5) Does the overall shape of Lucy’s pelvis resemble the human pelvis or the chimpanzee pelvis more? Do not think of the size, but compare the outlines of each
bone.
This is Lucy's skelton below.
The ancestors of extant tetrapods first evolved the ability to live out of water over 350 million years ago. Which of the
following had to have been true for natural selection to have favored the original evolution of limbs?
A) Closely related lineages that remained in the ocean must have gone extinct.
There must have been differences in survival and or/reproduction based on size, musculature, bones or other
(B
functional aspects of early limbs.
Large predators must have been a major source of mortality for populations that spent more time in the water and
less on land.
The ability of some ancestral fish-tetrapod transitional forms to move from one body of water to another during
D
droughts must have led to decreased mortality.
E
There must have been less competition for food on land.
Chapter 26 Solutions
BIOLOGY: ESSENTIALS >LL< W/ CONNECT
Ch. 26.1 - How do the skeletal and muscular systems interact?Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 5MC
Ch. 26.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 26.4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.5 - What happens when a muscle cell can not generate...Ch. 26.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 26.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 26 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 7MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 8MCQCh. 26 - Prob. 9MCQCh. 26 - Distinguish among a hydrostatic skeleton, an...Ch. 26 - Explain the observation that animals with...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 26 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 26 - How might your muscles lengthen when you stretch?...Ch. 26 - How do the effects of exercise or lack thereof...Ch. 26 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 26 - Search the Internet for disorders of the skeletal...Ch. 26 - What is role of calcium in bones? In muscle...Ch. 26 - The following table shows recent mens world-record...Ch. 26 - Prob. 1SLCh. 26 - Prob. 1PITCh. 26 - Prob. 2PITCh. 26 - Prob. 3PITCh. 26 - Prob. 4PIT
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- Describe the evolutionary changes that had to occur to go from a Osteichthyes to a mammal. What were the critical features that had to evolve?arrow_forwardSeveral groups of vertebrates, such as seals, ancient extinct plesiosaurs (swimming ocean reptiles) and whales, do not have four walking legs. Explain why these taxa are still included in the tetrapod clade.arrow_forwardwhy do you think hydrostatic skeleton is eventually lost in animals with exoskeleton and endoskeleton? give 2 examples with scientific explanationarrow_forward
- The following image is from a scientific publication by paleontologist Niel Shubin, who was part of a team who discovered the earliest known tetrapod, Tiktaalik. What does the image say about the bones in the fins of fish (on the left side) when compared to the bones in their tetrapod ancestors (on the right side)? (Image from Shubin et al., 2006). Gyptolepis Suriptens Eusthenopteron Panderichitys Tta Acanthostega erpelon Nothing can be concluded about the relationship They are analogous structures The structures are unrelated They are homologous structuresarrow_forwardThe evolution of the tetrapod limb was one of the most important advances in vertebrate history. Please expound, explain or describe the inferred sequence of its evolution.arrow_forwardDiscuss the idea that every evolutionary adaptation has both advantages and disadvantages, using each of the following as an example: (a) cephalization,(b) the arthropod exoskeleton, and (c) segmentation with specialization.arrow_forward
- Tiktaalik is a fish that lived 375 million years ago that grew to three metres long and had aquatic features mixed with others more suited to life on land. The fossils of five Tiktaalik specimens reveal that the animals had a large, robust pelvic girdle, a prominent hip joint, and long hind fins. The powerful fins could have propelled the beast in the water, but also helped it walk on riverbeds, or scramble around on mudflats. It is believed that Tiktaalik evolved into four- legged land animals. The scientists have yet to find a Tiktaalik hind fin bone, or any remains that might shed light on the origins of toes. A picture of Tiktaalik is available at https://www.npr.org/2010/07/05/127937070/t human-edge-finding-our-inner-fish Describe how Darwin would explain that evolution of hind legs (of land animals) actually began as enhanced hind fins (of Tiktaalik), referring to his relevant observations and inferences (Lecture 02 History of Evolutionary Thought - slide 18). Indicate where the…arrow_forwardAlthough most salamanders have four legs, a few species that live in shallow water lack hind limbs and have extremely tiny forelimbs (see photograph).Develop a hypothesis to explain how limbless salamanders came about according to Darwin’s mechanism of evolution by natural selection. How could you test your hypothesis?arrow_forwardHow and why did sponges develop skeletons, given that they were the first animals, there were no predators when they evolved, and the available food for them was floating in the water?arrow_forward
- Aristotle classified all large, mobile, unshelled aquatic animals without a vertebral column as: the Malacostraca the zoophytes the birds the malacia the ostracodermarrow_forwardSharks are cartilaginous fish. That is, the bulk of their skeleton is composed of cartilage instead of calcified bone. Their jaw however, is calcified, and is often the only preserved part of their body. Examine the shark jaw in the photo, and deduce the overall symmetry of the organism based on the jaw.arrow_forwardThe evolution of different body plans in animals has led to a wide diversity of species. For example, in Cnidaria (which includes jellyfish and corals) we see a radically different body plan compared to insects or birds. What significant evolutionary development is exhibited by insects and birds that is not present in Cnidaria? The development of bilateral symmetry and cephalization. The development of radial symmetry. The development of a calcified exoskeleton. The development of tentacles for capturing prey.arrow_forward
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