Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780321962751
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 26, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS
Giant lycophyte trees of Earth’s early forests (see Figure 26.30) had microphylls, whereas ferns and seed plants have megaphylls. Write a short essay (100-150 words) describing how a forest of lycophyte trees may have differed from a forest of large ferns or seed plants. In your answer, consider how the type of forest in which they grew may have affected interactions among small plants growing beneath the tall ones.
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1.The seedless vascular plants not only include well-known plants such as ferns but also groups of plants called horsetails and club mosses. These plants originally arose after the bryophytes. Which of the following statements describes why seedless vascular plants are better adapted to dry land than the bryophytes?
Seedless vascular plants have spores that can distribute on the wind.
Seedless vascular plants have larger leaves, or fronds, that are more effective in absorbing nutrients from the environment.
Seedless vascular plants have vascular tissue and roots to effectively absorb and distribute water and nutrients throughout the plant.
2. However, seedless vascular plants are still heavily dependent on water for reasons other than keeping hydrated. Which of the following statements correctly explains how seedless vascular plants are still dependent on water?
Seedless vascular plants require water…
Lignin and vascular tissue first evolved in relatives of club moss, and some extinct species stood 40 meters (130 feet) high. Explain how the evolution of vascular tissues and lignin would have allowed a dramatic increase in plant height. How might being tall give one plant species a competitive advantage over another?
Think about the Coniferophyta and the Magnoliophyta of this chapter. Which has more families, genera, and species? Which has more diversity of body types? Which has species in the greatest number of habitats (deserts, forests, rain forests, underwater, grasslands, marshes, epiphytic habitats, and so on). Which group originated earlier in evolution, and which originated later? The older group has had more time to diversify. Is it the more diverse of the two?
Chapter 26 Solutions
Campbell Biology in Focus (2nd Edition)
Ch. 26.1 - Why do researchers identify charophytes rather...Ch. 26.1 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 26.1 - WHAT IF? What would the human life cycle be like...Ch. 26.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.2 - Describe the importance of mycorrhizae, both today...Ch. 26.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figures 8 .3 and 8.5. If a...Ch. 26.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.3 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Monilophytes and seed plants both...
Ch. 26.4 - What features not present in seedless plants have...Ch. 26.4 - Explain why Darwin called the origin of...Ch. 26.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Suppose the Bennettitales and...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 1CCCh. 26.5 - Prob. 2CCCh. 26.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Figure 1.9 illustrates the...Ch. 26.5 - Prob. 4CCCh. 26 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 26 - Which of the following characteristics of plants...Ch. 26 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 26 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 26 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 26 - DRAW IT Use the letters a-d to label where on the...Ch. 26 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The grass...Ch. 26 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION The history of life has been...Ch. 26 - FOCUS ON INTERACTIONS Giant lycophyte trees of...Ch. 26 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE These stomata are from...
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- Figure 25.6 Which of the following statements about plant divisions is false? Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. All vascular plants produce seeds. All non-vascular embryophytes are bryophytes. Seed plants include angiosperms and gym nosperms.arrow_forwardWhich of the following lack true roots and leaves? * A. Bryophytes and whisk ferns B. Bryophytes C. Bryophytes, whisk ferns, lycopods and pterophytes D. Bryophytes, whisk ferns and lycopodsarrow_forwardWhat characteristics serve to distinguish the Araceae from the Arecaceae? Tabulate your answers. Explain why the orchids are the dominant vascular epiphytes in tropical rainforests? Explain why the grass family is of greater importance to man than any other family of flowering plants.arrow_forward
- Which morphological innovation is associated with plants being able to blanket dry terrestrial environments for the first time? A. Stomata B. Flowers C. Chloroplasts D. Seedsarrow_forwardSeeds and pollen grains are key adaptations for life on land. These adaptations relate to reproductive success and survival advantages. The following questions require you to explain some of these adaptations. A. Contrast sperm delivery in seedless plants with sperm delivery in seed plants. (5-6 sentence) B. Discuss at least one feature of seed plants that contributed to their success on land in contrast with seedless plants. (2-3 sentences) C. Flowering plants (Magnoliophyta) are the most successful of all plant groups in terms of their species diversity and ubiquity across habitat types. Climate warming is causing shifts in the timing of life history events for many species. Discuss how climate warming may influence reproductive strategies employed by flowering plants. (2-3 sentence)arrow_forwardPlease answer fast Compare the general morphology and importance of the gametophyte and sporophyte generation of bryophytes, seedless vascular plants and seed plants.arrow_forward
- Compare a fern species such as a local epiphytic fern with a Caulerpa species. State the plant division to which they each belong. Identify the habitat of each species. Identify three (3) structural (morphological) characteristics which they share and one (1) internal structural characteristic which they do not share.arrow_forwardBryophytes can be found in every type of habitation, except in the oceans, thus reflecting the progressive species expansion occurred along the evolution. However, bryophytes rarely succeed in the ecosystem. Why do you think so? Give three reasons.arrow_forwardComplete the table with the structure descriptions, function, or adaptive significance, and which among the plant groups possess the structure. An example has been provided to you in row 2. Table 1. Characterizing Plant Structures Structure Description (Describe the structure) Indicate whether the structure is a part of the Gametophyte or Sporophyte Generation What is its Function/Adaptive Significance for the Plant Where can it be found? CHOICES: MOSS: mosses and other bryophytes; FERN: fern and other seedless vascular plants; PINE: pine and other gymnosperms; ANGIOSPERM: all angiosperms Example: cuticle Waxy waterproof covering found in the surface of the aerial parts of the plant. Both in gametophyte and sporophyte Protects the plant epidermis from excessive water loss, mechanical damage, and other environmental stresses. ALL 1. sorus 2. sporophyll 3. xylem tissue 4. antheridium…arrow_forward
- PLEASE ANSWER NUMBER 1,2,3, and 4 QUESTIONS: (with brief explanation only) 1. A difference between seedless vascular plants and plants with seeds is that? A. the gametophyte generation is conspicuous in the seedless plants, whereas the sporophyte is dominant in the seeded plants. B. the spore is the agent of dispersal in the first, whereas the seed functions in dispersal in the second. C. the gametophyte is photoautotrophic in seedless plants but dependent on the sporophyte generation in the other group. D. the embryo is unprotected in the seedless plants but retained within the female reproductive structure in the other group. 2. Biologist hypothesize that the first land plants had a low, sprawling growth habitat. Which of the following is part of the logic behind that theory? A. The low sprawling growth gave them greater surface area exposed to light for photosynthesis. B. This was prior to plants’ development of adaptations to defend themselves from predators, so by growing…arrow_forwardRead the scenario. A botanist (a biologist who specializes in plant biology) is researching the enormous biodiversity of plants found in the tropical rainforest. As she hikes through the forest, she finds a section of forest that contains several types of flowering plants that are unidentified, meaning they have yet to be named and classified into a scientific group. She observes several different examples of this plant over several acres of forest and notes that the leaves and stems of these plants look very similar. The only part of the plant that varies is the flower. She notes that on the southern side of the forest, the flowers are bright pink and have 18 petals per flower. On the northern side of the forest, the flowers are white and have nine petals per flower. The botanist wants to determine if the plants she has discovered are of the same species or different species. How would she be able to determine this? a If they are two different species, she could grow them…arrow_forwardThe non-vascular plants are represented today by three phyla of small herbaceous plants namely: Phylum Hepatophyta, Phylum Anthocerophyta, and Phylum Bryophyta. Cite and explain how the structure fits function in bryophytesarrow_forward
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