Concept explainers
To discuss:
The mitochondrial membrane reactions, where they occur in the organelle, the components of the mitochondrial electron-transport chain, how mitochondria transport electrons from NADH and FADH2 to oxygen, and how the reactions produce
Introduction:
Mitochondria have two membranes; one is the outer mitochondrial membrane and the other is the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between these two membranes, there is a mitochondrial membrane space. The NADH and FADH2 are synthesized in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix through glycolysis and Krebs cycle. The high energy compounds enter the inner mitochondrial membrane, transport the electrons in the electron transport chain, produce H2O from oxygen, and produce ATP molecules.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM A
- How energy is transformed in animal and plant cells for use in cellular activities ( use the following keywords, food, light, NAFH, FADH2, NADPH, electron transport chain, ATP synths and ATP).arrow_forwardThe citric acid cycle occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. mitochondrial matrix. nucleus. Golgi apparatus. inner membrane of mitochondrion. endop reticulum. The electron transport chain is located in the smooth endoplaIsmic reticulum. Orough endoplasmic reticulum. A mitochondrial matrix. inner menabrane of mitochondrion. Golgi apparatus. nucleus. Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in the Golgi apparatus. rough endoplasmic reticulum. Omitochondrial matrix. nucleus O smooth endoplasmic reticulum. inner membrane of mitochondrion.arrow_forwardCyanide is a poisonous substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome c oxidase inhibitor that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen.Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide?How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly.. Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.arrow_forward
- mitochondrion function in plants and animalsarrow_forwardWhat drives the transport of fatty acids for b-oxidation into the mitochondrial matrix? The hydrolysis of two phosphate bonds from ATP to AMP and two inorganic phosphate. The transfer of CoASH to fatty acids The substitution reactions involving COASH and Carnitine in the inner membrane space. An increase in fatty acid concentration in the cytosol during the post-absorptive (fasting state). All of thesearrow_forwardComplex II of electron transport chain is involved in the KREB'S Cycle during the conversion of succinate to fumarate?true or false all enzymes of the citric acid cycle are located in the cytoplasm except succinate dehydrogenase which is bound to the inner mitochondrial membrne. true of false glucagon is a hormone that activates glycogenolysis-true or false high concentration of NADPH increases the rate of the pentose phosphate pathway by stimulating glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase- true or falsearrow_forward
- Cyanide is a toxic substance. Cyanide is a cytochrome coxidase enzyme that is competitive. The last enzyme of the electron transport chain in mitochondria is cytochrome c oxidase. One of the most common substrates for cytochrome c oxidase is oxygen. Would an increase in the concentration of oxygen affect the inhibitioncaused by cyanide? How would conditions in the mitochondrial intermembrane spacechange if cytochrome c oxidase and the electron transport chain are notfunctioning properly. .Explain why this change in conditions will be harmful to a cell.arrow_forwardThe Electron Transport System (ETS) The ETS must generate a hydrogen gradient (proton motive force) in order to power the enzyme ATP synthase to produce ATP. This is the process of chemiosmosis/oxidative phosphorylation. 1. Below is a representation of the inner and outer membrane of a mitochondrian. You will complete the drawing as instructed. A. Draw several protons (H+) where they would accumulate in the mitochondrian to form a gradient. B. Draw an arrow showing the direction the H+ would flow to power ATP synthase. C. Fill in the equation blanks in the text box. This describes the activity of ATP synthase. 000 a. CDOC 0000000 ooooooo oooo 00000 0000 oooooooo ATP synthase activity 2. What is the terms used to describe what is happening to the members of the electron transport system? When they accept an electron they are said to be When they pass the electron to the next carrier they are said to be 3. What molecules serve to donate electrons (and protons) to the electron transport…arrow_forwardThe complexes of the electron transport chain pump electrons into the cristae of mitochondria. True Falsearrow_forward
- The role of a subunit of F0 (2 choices are correct) Undergoes multiple conformational changes from lose to tight to open, to synthesize ATP. Uses two half-channels to pick up and release protons. Allows for unidirectional pick up of protons by c subunit. Allows for the import of inorganic phosphate into mitochondrial matrix.arrow_forwardAn overall explanation of the processes of photosynthesis and cellular respiration, includingmajor processes involved, where each occurs, & the reactants and products of each (and each specific process within each overall process). A complete explanation of the interdependence between photosynthesis and cellular respiration "what's the relationship between them?) NOTE: Many terms will bearrow_forwardWhich statement is INCORRECT about the cellular respiration process? Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol O Pyruvate, the final product of glycolysis, crosses mitochondrial membrane by simple diffusion O Citric acid cycle takes place in mitochondrial matrix O Proton motive force is generated between mitochondrial matrix and intermembrane spacearrow_forward
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