Concept explainers
To discuss:
Mitochondrial proton pumps, the chemiosmotic mechanism, and ATP synthase in producing ATP.
Introduction:
Mitochondria have two membranes: one is the outer mitochondrial membrane and the other is the inner mitochondrial membrane. Between these two membranes, there is a mitochondrial membrane space. Mitochondrial matrix is present inside the mitochondria. NADH and FADH2 are synthesized in the cytoplasm and the mitochondrial matrix, through glycolysis and Krebs cycle. These high energy compounds enter the inner mitochondrial membrane, transport the electrons in the electron transport chain, produce H2O from oxygen, and produce ATP molecules. An electron transport molecule has four enzyme complexes that are used for the transfer of enzyme molecules for the production of ATP and water molecules.
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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY THE UNITY OF FORM A
- Methods of ATP production –aerobic, anaerobic and other – when are they used, how do they work,how long do they last, what types of fuel do they utilize, which is favored by cancer cells?arrow_forwardGlycolysis and Krebs cycle produce ATP on which levelarrow_forwardStarting molecule and ending molecule of glycolysis, bridge reaction, krebs-citric acid cycle, and electron transport chain.arrow_forward
- mechanistic interaction between electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP in skeletal musclearrow_forwardRegulation mechanism for hexokinase 1 and hexokinase IVarrow_forwardThe F-class ATP synthase and the V-class proton pumps are similar in many ways. How are they different? their subunit composition the ion with which they interact none of the above their subcellular localizationarrow_forward
- active transport when no ATP is available is faster than when ATP is available true or false?arrow_forwardWhy liver will use atp in fasting state to produce glucose however it is unable to use glucose as a fuel under those conditionsarrow_forwardThe chemical coupling hypothesis (substrate-level phosphorylation) failed to explain why mitochondrial membrane mustbe intact during ATP synthesis. How does the chemiosmotictheory account for this phenomenon?arrow_forward
- Explain the chemiostic mechanism of ATP generation.arrow_forwardDiscuss the chemiosmotic theory of ATP production.arrow_forwardWhat essential role does each of the following play in chemiosmotic ATP synthesis: (1) electron transport chain, (2) proton gradient, and (3) ATP synthase complex?arrow_forward
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning