Chapter 27, Problem 2LO

Summary Introduction

To determine: The factors predisposing to substance abuse.

Concept introduction: The drug abuse, also called the substance abuse is defined as the intake of drugs that are illegal. The psychoactive drugs are the chemical substances that alter the functions of brain. In humans, these drugs can stimulate and induce physiological dependence, psychological dependence, and tolerance.

Explanation of Solution

The predisposing factors to drug abuse focuses mainly on personality defects, psychological imbalances, biologic abnormalities, dysfunctional interpersonal relationships or a combinations of these factor.

The predisposing factors that contribute to substance abuse are as follows:

• Genetics or heredity

  The genetic influence is one of the main factors that contribute to the substance abuse. The brain and body responds to a specific drug that is determined by inherited traits (encoded by genes). These traits will either increase or decrease the development of diseases.

• Family systems and practices

  The drug abuse has increased due to the family breakdown and several economic factors such as unemployment and homelessness.

• Disease

  Most of the diseases are treated using drugs. If there involves a continuous exposure to a drug, it can contribute to drug abuse.

• Ready availability of drugs

  The accessibility or availability of drugs is one of the main factors that contribute to an increase in the substance abuse.

• Stress

  The high level of stress and poor moods that last for a longer time period can lead to a substance abuse.

• Usage of antianxiety agents

  Anxiolytics drugs, also called antianxiety drugs, are the depressants used to slow down the functions of brain in order to reduce anxiety and tension. The increased usage of these drugs can ultimately cause drug abuse.

• Increased acceptance of alcohol or marijuana

  The increased acceptance of marijuana (psychoactive drug) and alcohol, both recreationally and medicinally in all age groups may raise the sedative effects of drugs (benzodiazepines, barbiturates, and opiates).