Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The reason for alterations of given ratios by alcohol consumption should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol consumption leads to physiological dysfunctions, which are caused due to binding of alcohol on the specific sites of neuronal proteins. Such bindings occur in water-filled pockets in the brain, resulting in alterations of protein’s conformations and functions.
(b)
Interpretation:
The cause of hypoglycemia and acidosis should be determined in hungry individual.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol consumption leads to physiological dysfunctions, which are caused due to binding of alcohol on the specific sites of neuronal proteins. Such bindings occur in water-filled pockets in the brain, resulting in alterations of protein’s conformations and functions.
(c)
Interpretation:
The reason for no hypoglycemia in fell fed person should be determined.
Concept introduction:
Alcohol consumption leads to physiological dysfunctions, which are caused due to binding of alcohol on the specific sites of neuronal proteins. Such bindings occur in water-filled pockets in the brain, resulting in alterations of protein’s conformations and functions.
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Chapter 27 Solutions
BIOCHEMISTRY
- What is the metabolic significance of the following observations? (1) Only the liver form of pyruvate kinase is inhibited by alanine, and (2) only gluco- neogenic tissues contain appreciable levels of glucose-6-phosphatase.arrow_forward. Glucagon secretion causes inhibition of intracellular acetyl-CoA car- boxylase activity by several mechanisms. Name all you can think of.arrow_forwardI'm confused about glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. Question: What is the function of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase? Is it because of -> The incorporation of a phosphate from ATP and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate or ->The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and reduction of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. or -> The incorporation of phosphate from inorganic phosphate and oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphatearrow_forward
- What is(are) the only active site(s) not used in the second round of fatty acid synthase? Select all that apply. Group of answer choices Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Synthase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Dehydrase Palmitoyl thioesterase Malonyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Enoyl-ACP Reductasearrow_forwardIf the brain needs glucose, then gluconeogenesis stops after reaction (9, 8, 10, 2) because (phosphoenolpyruvate, glucose, glucose-6-phosphaet, fructose-6-phosphate) can be exported from the hepatocyte using a transporter.arrow_forwardDescribe the gluconeogenesis. What are the substrates for gluconeogenesis? (yellow boxes) and write the names of the enzymes belong to the gluconeogenic pathway. Glucose 4 se-6-phosphate usphoglucose isomerase Fructose-6-phosphate Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate HAidolase Triose phosphate Dihydroxyacetone phosphate isomerase Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate P.. NAD CH,OH Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate CH,OPO,- NADH ADP Phosphoglycerate kinase ATP 3-Phosphoglycerate Phosphoglycerate || mutase 2-Phosphoglycerate 2 X Enolase Phosphoenolpyruvate GDP, CO, GIP Oxaloacetate ADP + P, 1 ATP, HCOS Pyruvatearrow_forward
- Write a one-sentence explanation for each of the following statements. (a) In liver, glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown via cyclic AMP. Although one might expect glucagon also to stimulate catabolism of the glucose formed, glucagon inhibits glycolysis and stimulates glu- coneogenesis in liver. (b) An individual with a glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency suffers from chronic hypoglycemia. (c) The action of phosphorylase kinase simultaneously activates glycogen breakdown and inhibits glycogen synthesis. (d) The presence in liver of glucose-6-phosphatase is essential to the function of the liver in synthesizing glucose for use by other tissues.arrow_forwardFor each of the following situations, predict the major consequences for glycogen metabolism. Explain your logic in a few sentences. Consider the effect on both glycogen degradation and glycogen synthesis where relevant. Will the amount of glycogen be higher or lower than normal? Mutation of S116C in phosphoglucomutase. (This notation means the following: S116 is the normal amino acid in this enzyme. It has been mutated to 116C.) Loss of the gene for GSK3. Effect of the coenzyme analog below. (Hint: how does the normal coenzyme operate and why can’t this analog react in the same way?)arrow_forwardWhat is(are) the only active site(s) not used in the second round of fatty acid synthase? Select all that apply. Acetyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Synthase Beta-Ketoacyl- ACP Dehydrase Palmitoyl thioesterase Malonyl-CoA ACP Transacylase Enoyl-ACP Reductasearrow_forward
- Compare and contrast the following items related to lipid metabolism. Cite their main similarities/or differences. 1. Steroid hormones vs. prostaglandins (in terms of their biosynthetic pathways). 2. Fatty acid synthase complex vs. pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.arrow_forwardConsider the following reaction sequence. glucose 1-phosphate + UTP UDP-glucose +-0-P-0- UDP-glucose + (glucose), UDP + (glucose),+1 Which of the following characterizes this process? consumes energy O all of these anabolic O a step in gluconeogenesisarrow_forwardTRUE or FALSE b-hydroxybutyrate is not a ketone body a ketotic state acetoacetate is produced from high levels of insulin Tissues that lack mitochondria cannot utilize ketone bodies The brain never oxidizes fatty acids Synthesis of Triglycerides requires a condensation type of reaction Enzyme increase the activation energy of a reaction that leads to a faster reaction rate Working muscle burns fatty acids True [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ] [Choose ]arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
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