Campbell Biology with Mastering Biology for University of South Carolina
10th Edition
ISBN: 9781269866286
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 27, Problem 9TYU
WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY In a short essay (about 100–150 words), discuss how prokaryotes and other members of hydrothermal vent communities transfer and transform energy.
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Biology 230 McGraw Hill Connect:
Bacteria and archaea that reduce nitrate or sulfate so that they can incorporate the nitrogen or sulfur atom into an organic molecule are performing _____________ reduction. By contrast, when nitrate or sulfate are used as terminal electron acceptors, bacteria and archaea are performing _______________ reduction.
Practice Biology Question:
Some prokaryotes play essential roles in the ecology of the biosphere. Give examples and describe their impacts.
Make a diagram showing the interconnection between carbon and nitrogen cycle. Indicate possible microorganisms (scientific name) involved in each process.
Chapter 27 Solutions
Campbell Biology with Mastering Biology for University of South Carolina
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 27.1 - Contrast the cellular and DNA structures of...Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27.2 - Although rare on a per gene basis, new mutations...Ch. 27.2 - Distinguish between the three mechanisms by which...Ch. 27.2 - In a rapidly changing environment, which bacterial...Ch. 27.2 - WHAT IF? If a nonpathogenic bacterium were to...Ch. 27.3 - Distinguish between the four major modes of...Ch. 27.3 - A bacterium requires only the amino acid...Ch. 27.3 - WHAT IF? Describe what you might eat for a...
Ch. 27.4 - Explain how molecular systematics and metagenomics...Ch. 27.4 - WHAT IF What would the discovery of a bacterial...Ch. 27.5 - Explain how prokaryotes, though small, can be...Ch. 27.5 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Review Figure 10.6. Then...Ch. 27.6 - Identify at least two ways that prokaryotes have...Ch. 27.6 - Prob. 2CCCh. 27.6 - Prob. 3CCCh. 27 - Describe features of prokaryotes that enable them...Ch. 27 - Mutations are rare and prokaryotes reproduce...Ch. 27 - Describe the range of prokaryotic metabolic...Ch. 27 - How have molecular data informed prokaryotic...Ch. 27 - In what ways are prokaryotes key to the survivaI...Ch. 27 - Prob. 27.6CRCh. 27 - Genetic variation in bacterial populations cannot...Ch. 27 - Photoautotrophs use (A) light as an energy source...Ch. 27 - Which of the following statements is not true? (A)...Ch. 27 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 27 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 27 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY INTERPRET THE DATA The...Ch. 27 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ENERGY In a short essay...Ch. 27 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Explain how the small...
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- Some prokaryotes are Chemoheterotrophs. Where do these organisms get their energy from? Group of answer choices From Light From Themselves From Inorganic Chemicals From Organic sourcesarrow_forwardExplain how prokaryotes, though small, can be considered giants in their collective impact on Earth and its lifearrow_forwardDefine the following terms:a. outer nuclear membraneb. inner nuclear membranec. chloroplastd. photosynthesise. thylakoid membranearrow_forward
- choose the correct answer 1) What do the banded formations in marine sediments indicate? A. Early cyanobacteria probably were producing oxygen when the sediment was deposited. B. Purple sulfur bacteria were the dominant life form in the seas during that time. D. The pH value of the early seas was quite low due to the excretion of organic acids from the fermentation by prokaryotes. C. The early atmosphere was very reducing. 2) Which of the following is not evidence that chloroplasts and mitochondria originated as prokaryotic endosymbionts of larger cells? A. They contain circular DNA molecules not associated with proteins. B. Their membranes have enzymes and transport systems that resemble those found on the plasma membranes of prokaryotes. D. Their ribosomal RNA is more similar to that of eubacteria than to the RNA of ribosomes in the eukaryotic cytoplasm. C. They contain their own genome and produce all their own…arrow_forwardTest Your Understanding 7. The conversion of ammonia to nitrate, known as _______, is a two-step process performed by soil bacteria. (a) nitrogen fixation (b) nitrification (c) assimilation (d) ammonification (e) denitrificationarrow_forwardThe genus Ferroplasma consists of a few species of acid-loving archaea. One species, F. acidarmanus, was discovered to be the main component of slime streamers (a type of biofilm) deep inside an abandoned California copper mine (Figure 4.11A). F. acidarmanus cells use an ancient energy-harvesting pathway that combines oxygen with ironsulfur compounds in minerals such as pyrite. This reaction dissolves the minerals, so groundwater that seeps into the mine ends up with extremely high concentrations of metal ions such as copper, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic. The reaction also produces sulfuric acid, which lowers the pH of the water around the cells to zero. Despite living in an environment with a composition similar to hot battery acid, F. acidarmanus cells maintain their internal pH at a cozy 5.0. Thus, researchers investigating Ferroplasma metabolic enzymes were surprised to discover that most of the cells enzymes function best at very low pH (Figure 4.11B). A. Deep inside one of the most toxic sites in the United States: Iron Mountain Mine, in California. The water in this stream, which is about 1 meter (3 feet) wide in this photo, is hot (around 40C, or 104F), heavily laden with arsenic and other toxic metals, and has a pH of zero. Slime streamers growing in it are a biofilm dominated by a species of archaea, Ferroplasma acidarmanus. B. pH profiles of four enzymes isolated from F. acidarmus. Researchers had expected these enzymes to function best at the cells cytoplasmic pH (5.0). What does the dashed line signify?arrow_forward
- Biosphere Photosynthesis Chemosynthesis Cellular Respiration Equilibrium Food Chain Food Web Trophic Explain key terms so I can understand it. Short but I can understand and test is very important this is not a graded questionarrow_forwarddiscuss how prokaryotes and other members of hydrothermal vent communities transfer and transform energy.arrow_forwardMicrobes that swim with flagella use energy from ATP to make their flagella rotate. This process is an example of a conversion of ____________ energy into ____________ energy. Kinetic into heat Chemical into kinetic Kinetic into potential Chemical into heatarrow_forward
- 1) Which level most likely represents the autotrophs in the energy pyramid? Support your answer.arrow_forwardWhat happens to a molecule when it is oxidized? Electrons are gained Electrons are lost Electrons are converted into neutrons Electrons are converted into protons Electrons combine with a proton to produce a protoelectronarrow_forwardDescribe what you might eat for a typical meal if humans, like cyanobacteria, could fix nitrogen.arrow_forward
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