Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 27.10, Problem 1MQ
Describe the binding site for superantigens on T cells and APCs. How does this relate to the activation of a much larger population of T cells than normal upon exposure to superantigens?
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What is a T-cell receptor and how is it involved in T-cell activation?
Describe the binding site for superantigens on T cells andAPCs. How does this relate to the activation of a much largerpopulation of T cells than normal upon exposure tosuperantigens?
In the process shown in Diagram 2, what performs the function most similar to that of the activated T cell in Diagram 1?
Chapter 27 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 27.1 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 27.1 - Distinguish between clonal deletion and clonal...Ch. 27.1 - QWhy is it necessary that all three defining...Ch. 27.2 - Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of...Ch. 27.2 - Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and...Ch. 27.2 - Give an example for each: natural and artificial...Ch. 27.2 - QWhat properties are required for a vaccine to...Ch. 27.3 - Summarize antibody production starting with...Ch. 27.3 - Differentiate among antibody classes using...
Ch. 27.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.3 - QDescribe the structural and functional...Ch. 27.4 - Draw a complete Ig molecule and identify...Ch. 27.4 - Describe antigen binding to the CDR1, 2, and 3...Ch. 27.4 - Describe the recombination events that produce a...Ch. 27.4 - QWhich Ig chains are used to construct a complete...Ch. 27.5 - Identify the cells that display MHC class I and...Ch. 27.5 - Compare the MHC I and MHC II protein structures...Ch. 27.5 - Define the sequence of events for processing and...Ch. 27.5 - QDescribe the basic structure of class I and class...Ch. 27.6 - Define polymorphism and polygeny as they apply to...Ch. 27.6 - How does a single MHC protein present many...Ch. 27.6 - QPolymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 27.7 - Identify diversity-generating mechanisms unique to...Ch. 27.7 - Describe and compare the structural features of Ig...Ch. 27.7 - QWhat diversity-generating mechanisms function to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the mechanism used by Tc cells to...Ch. 27.8 - Describe the effector system (the cell-killing...Ch. 27.8 - Compare and contrast the roles and activities of...Ch. 27.8 - QWhat mechanism do Tc cells use to identify and...Ch. 27.9 - Discriminate between immediate hypersensitivity...Ch. 27.9 - Provide examples and mechanisms for an...Ch. 27.9 - QHow do immediate and delayed-type...Ch. 27.10 - Describe the binding site for superantigens on T...Ch. 27.10 - Compare and contrast the immunodeficiency observed...Ch. 27.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 27.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 27 - Antibodies of the IgA class are probably more...Ch. 27 - Prob. 2AQCh. 27 - Polymorphism implies that each different MHC...Ch. 27 - What problems would arise if a person had a...
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- To avoid the potential for activating self-reactive T cells that might cause autoimmunity, naive T cell activation has stringent requirements for co-stimulatory signals in addition to the engagement of T-cell receptors with peptide: MHC complexes. Yet this requirement is abandoned once T cells have differentiated into effector cells. Name two effector T cell functions that would fail if effector T cells also required T-cell receptor signals plus co-stimulatory signals through CD28 to elicit their effector responses.arrow_forwardExplain the mechanisms by which antibody diversity and T-cell receptor diversity are achieved.arrow_forwardExplain the difference between a T-cell-dependent and a T-cellindependentresponse.arrow_forward
- In general, what are consequences of activation of the TH1 arm of the immune response? Activation of the TH2 arm?arrow_forwardHow does a single MHC protein present many differentpeptides to T cells?arrow_forwardDuring the early developmental stages of α:β T cells in the thymus, there are two key checkpoints that must be satisfied to permit the progression of T-cell development. Explain what occurs at each checkpoint.arrow_forward
- How is the newly emerging repertoire of T cells, with their diverse pre-TCRs, further differentiated so that a productive interaction with self-MHC–peptide complexes can occur?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a T-cell-dependent and T-cell- independent response?arrow_forwardHow is clonal selection related to the vast number of possible B and T-cell receptor binding conformations? Draw a picture to illustrate your explanation.arrow_forward
- Why do you think two signals are required for B- and T-cell activation but only one signal is required for activation of an APC?arrow_forwardDescribe the main functions of T cells. What are the main types of effector T cells and their functions? one pagearrow_forwardDescribe the development of antibodies to a specificantigen.arrow_forward
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