Concept explainers
(a)
The definition of term baryon.
Explanation of Solution
A baryon is defined as a composite subatomic particle which is made up of three quarks. Since protons and neutrons are the most stable baryons, so most building blocks of matter are baryons.
(b)
The definition of term meson.
Explanation of Solution
Mesons are defined as an intermediate mass particle which consists of a pair of quark and antiquark. Three combinations of quarks are termed as baryons. Mesons are bosons, and fermions are the baryons. There was a recent claim that particles with five quarks (pent quarks) were observed, but further experiments did not support it.
(c)
The definition of term quark.
Explanation of Solution
Quark is a type of elementary particle which is a fundamental constituent of matter. These are combined to form a composite particle known as hadrons. The properties of quark are spin, mass, color charge, and electric charge. Quark is of 6 types termed as flavors. They are up, charm, strange, down, bottom and top quarks. The two quarks, up and down, have lowest masses as well as they are most stable amongst all. Each quark flavor has its antiparticle, termed as antiquark. So, these can be replaced by their corresponding antiquarks.
(d)
The definition of term lepton.
Explanation of Solution
A lepton is defined as an elementary particle. They do not involve in strong interactions, but these have a half-integer spin equal to
- Charged leptons.
Charged leptons when combined with other particles, form different composite particles like atoms and positronium.
(e)
The definition of term antiparticle.
Explanation of Solution
In particle physics, there is an antiparticle for each particle type with the same mass but opposite physical charges like electric charge. Consider an electron. The electron antiparticle is an anti-electron which is also termed as positron. Since the electric charge on electron is negative, so the charge on positron will be positive. Thus, it is produced naturally in various types radioactive decays.
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Chapter 28 Solutions
COLLEGE PHYSICS-ACHIEVE AC (1-TERM)
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- When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge numbers of electron neutrinos are formed in nuclear reactions. Such neutrinos from the 1987A supernova in the relatively nearby Magellanic Cloud were observed within hours of the initial brightening, indicating they traveled to earth at approximately the speed of light. Explain how this date can be used to set an upper limit on the mass of the neutrino, noting that the mass is small the neutrinos could travel very close to the speed at light and have a reasonable energy (on the order of MeV).arrow_forwardThe decay of one type of Kmeson is cited as evidence that nature favors matter over antimatter. Since mesons are composed of a quark and an antiquark, is it surprising that they would preferentially decay to one type over another? Is this an asymmetry in nature? Is the predominance of matter over antimatter an asymmetry?arrow_forward(a) A panicle and its antiparticle are at rest relative to an observer and annihilate (completely destroying both masses), creating two y rays of equal energy. What is the characteristic y -ray energy you would look for if searching for evidence of proton-antiproton annihilation? (The fact that such radiation is rarely observed is evidence that there is very little antimatter in the universe.) (b) How does this compare with the 0.511-MeV energy associated with electron-positron annihilation?arrow_forward
- When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC facility, they each have 50.0-GeV kinetic energies. What is the total collision energy available, taking into account the annihilation energy? Note that the annihilation energy is insignificant, because the electrons are highly relativistic.arrow_forwardWhy does the meson have such a short lifetime compared to most other mesons?arrow_forward(a) Is the decay possible considering the appropriate conservation laws? Stale why or why not. (b) Write the decay in terms of the quark constituents of the particles.arrow_forward
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