Chapter 28, Problem 28.18UKC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hormone released by the body when someone is diagnosed with diabetes and the class of hormone in which it belongs has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. 1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
2. 2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
3. 3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Insulin is an example for a polypeptide hormone consisting of 51 amino acids. The insulin is generated by pancreas and is functioned at the cell so that the cells take glucose for the generation or storage of energy.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The part of body where insulin is generated has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. 1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
2. 2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
3. 3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Insulin is an example for a polypeptide hormone consisting of 51 amino acids. The insulin is generated by pancreas and is functioned at the cell so that the cells take glucose for the generation or storage of energy.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The mode in which the hormone is transported to cells that need it to allow glucose to enter has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. 1. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
2. 2. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
3. 3. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Insulin is an example for a polypeptide hormone consisting of 51 amino acids. The insulin is generated by pancreas and is functioned at the cell so that the cells take glucose for the generation or storage of energy.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The hormone is whether expected to enter the cell to carry out its function has to be explained.

Concept Introduction:

Hormones: Hormones are chemical messengers which are secreted by the cell in endocrine system and are transported along the blood to stimulate the target cells having the corresponding receptors.

Hormones are of three types,

1. 4. Amino acid derivatives: It is a derivative of an amino acid formed by the reaction at the side chain functional group, carboxylic acid group, amino group or by the replacement of a hydrogen atom by heteroatom.
2. 5. Polypeptides: Polypeptides are organic polymers having several amino acids attached to each other in a chain.
3. 6. Steroid: Steroids are a type of organic compound having a molecular structure with four rings connected to each other.

Insulin is an example for a polypeptide hormone consisting of 51 amino acids. The insulin is generated by pancreas and is functioned at the cell so that the cells take glucose for the generation or storage of energy.