BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266739606
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 28, Problem 2WIO
Summary Introduction
To test:
The hypothesis that microwaving foods in plastic containers releases endocrine disruptors.
Concept introduction:
The endocrine system refers to the collection of glands of an organism that secrete hormones. An exogenous substance that alters the activity of endocrine glands consequently causes adverse health effects in an organism, which is termed as an endocrine disrupter.
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The binding of small amounts of hormones to target cell receptors triggers an intricate signal cascade. Why is the signal cascade necessary? Why not just have a simple molecularmechanism between the hormone and cellular effect?
Based on different criterions hormones can be classified in several ways. While classifying the hormones their mode of action plays a major role. All the hormones are transported through circulatory system, but to exert their function some needs to enter inside the cell. Some hormones can directly modify the course of gene expression and some are crippled by their chemical nature and needs help from other biomolecules. Based on this information discuss how can a hormone exert its biochemical function without acting directly in the intracellular level.
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Chapter 28 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 28.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 28.1 - Prob. 4MCCh. 28.1 - Prob. 5MCCh. 28.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28.2 - Describe the locations of the receptors that bind...Ch. 28.2 - Prob. 3MCCh. 28.2 - Prob. 4MCCh. 28.3 - Prob. 1MC
Ch. 28.3 - Prob. 2MCCh. 28.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28.4 - Prob. 2MCCh. 28.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 28.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 28.4 - Prob. 5MCCh. 28.5 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 28.6 - Prob. 1MCCh. 28.6 - Prob. 2MCCh. 28 - The effect of a water-soluble peptide hormone such...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 28 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 28 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 28 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 28 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 28 - To increase male fertility, it would be logical to...Ch. 28 - How does the endocrine system interact with the...Ch. 28 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 28 - Prob. 3WIOCh. 28 - Sketch the mechanisms of water-soluble and...Ch. 28 - Give two examples of hormones counteracting the...Ch. 28 - Alcohol and caffeine inhibit the effects of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 28 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 28 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 28 - How might insulin-producing stem cells...Ch. 28 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 28 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 28 - Prob. 1PITCh. 28 - Connect each hormone discussed in this chapter to...Ch. 28 - Prob. 3PIT
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- Researchers measured prolactin and growth hormone in the blood plasma of six subjects at regular intervals over a 24-hour period. The investigators were interested in determining if the levels of these two hormones cycle over a 24-hour period. The Figure presents the results of their experiments, with the y axis values showing the amount of each hormone expressed as a percentage of the 24-hour mean value, and each point showing the average of the six subjects levels. FIGURE Mean concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone in plasma, averaged for six subjects and expressed as a percentage of the average concentrations measured for the 24-hour period. Do the results support the hypothesis that the changes in prolactin level over a 24-hour period are associated with the sleepwake cycle? Source: From J. F. Sassin et al. 1972. Human prolactin: 24-hour pattern with increased release during sleep. Science 177:12051207.arrow_forwardVisit this link (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/hormonebind) to watch an animation of the events that occur when a hormone binds to a cell membrane receptor. What is the secondary messenger made by adenylyl cyclase during the activation of liver cells by epinephrine?arrow_forwardPlace the following steps (showing how a steroid hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, fourth, and last. Refer to image. The hormone-receptor complex enters the nucleus of the cell and binds to the DNA. The steroid hormone passes through the cell membrane. The hormone attaches to a receptor in the cytoplasm, forming a hormone-receptor complex. A gene in the DNA is activated, and transcription and translation take place. Proteins that alter the cell′s activities, such as enzymes, are made. 2. Place the following steps (showing how a hydrophilic hormone changes the activities of its target cells) in order of what happens first, second, third, and last. Refer to image. The activity of the target cell is changed by the final enzyme in the cascade. The second messenger activates or deactivates certain enzymes in a cascade fashion. A second messenger is activated. Hormone binds to a receptor protein.arrow_forward
- VIDAS MACHINE ASSAYST3, T4, TSH1. How do you differentiate the principles of T3 and T4 from TSH?2. How does feedback mechanism work in the regulation of thyroid hormones?3. Why are T3 and T4 levels increased in hyperthyroidism?arrow_forwardIn addition to carrying information between the brain and the peripheral nervous system, the spinal cord also functions 11 to coordinate fine movements in skeletal muscles to carry impulses which control heart and breathing rates as the control center for some reflex actions as the control center for production of digestive secretions Hormones move through the circulatory system and come in contact with all tissues in the body. Whether a group of cells is targeted by a particular hormone depends upon ↑ #3 O O @ 2@ 3 £ the location of the cells in relation to the gland that produces the hormone the presence of appropriate receptor proteins on the cell membranes whether the cells are actively dividing and growing whether the cells are also being stimulated by the nervous system с 54 $ 4¢ O M % 5 ¤ A 31 acer Oll 6¬ ? & 71 O * 2 9 xarrow_forwardCompare and contrast signaling events in the nervous vs. endocrine systems. How does a “message” get from the original neuron or endocrine gland to the target? How does the signal get transduced into something the target cell can respond to? Be sure to include a description of the signaling molecules and cellular receptors involved in each of these systems.arrow_forward
- Some cancer cells release their own grown hormone rather than relying on growth hor- mones from elsewhere in the host organism. Which of the following describes the type of cell communication used by these cancer cells to promote their continued division? A juxtacrine signaling B с D endocrine signaling paracrine signaling autocrine signalingarrow_forwardWhat is the principal difference of endocrine system from other signaling systems? Select one: A. Endocrine signals diffuse to neighboring target cells. B. Endocrine signals produce self-activation of the secreting cells. C. Endocrine system uses cell-cell contact to transduce signals. D. Endocrine signals are delivered by blood. E. Endocrine signals always generate faster responses in target cells.arrow_forwardChoose the best from the below ? Peptide hormones interact with what structures on the surface of a cell? a. receptor proteins d. neurotransmittersb. second messenger systems e. digestive enzymesc. pheromonesarrow_forward
- e Science of Learning x dentFunctions/Interface/acellus_engine.html?ClassID=991849361 The Endocrine System After hormones are secreted from the cell into the extracellular space, where do they travel? A. to the bladder B. out of the body C. through the blood 2003 - 2021 Acellus Corporation. All Rights Reserved.arrow_forward7 of 41 Which statement relating to endocrine signaling is false? O Histamine is a paracrine O Hormonal signals enter the bloodstream, so hormones influence all cells with which they come in contact Hormones are released to the extracellular fluid and then diffuse into the bloodstream. O Some endocrine cells exist as single cells within a tissue. O Hormones, paracrines, and autocrines bind to receptorsarrow_forwardDescribe to me why certain hormones (lipids-based hormones) can move directly through the cell membrane in comparison to hormones (protein-based hormones) have to bind to the outside of the cell and then send secondary messengering inside in order to work? Which hormones are in each of the 2 categories? How does this affect the way we deliver/treat hormone conditions?arrow_forward
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Great Glands - Your Endocrine System: CrashCourse Biology #33; Author: CrashCourse;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVrlHH14q3o;License: Standard Youtube License