Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
15th Edition
ISBN: 9781305289963
Author: Debora M. Katz
Publisher: Cengage Custom Learning
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Chapter 28, Problem 4PQ
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The kinetic energy and root-mean-square velocity of the
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An iron wire has a cross - sectional area of 5.00 x 10-6 m2.Carry out steps (a) through (e) to compute the drift speed ofthe conduction electrons in the wire. (a) How many kilogramsare there in 1 mole of iron? (b) Starting with the density of ironand the result of part (a), compute the molar density of iron(the number of moles of iron per cubic meter). (c) Calculatethe number density of iron atoms using Avogadro’s number.(d) Obtain the number density of conduction electrons giventhat there are two conduction electrons per iron atom. (e) Ifthe wire carries a current of 30.0 A, calculate the drift speed ofconduction electrons.
When a metal rod is heated, not only its resistance but also its length and cross-sectional area change.The relation R = rL/A suggests that all three factors should be taken into account in measuring r at various temperatures. If the temperature changes by 1.0 C°, what percentage changes in (a) L, (b) A, and (c) R occur for a copper conductor? (d) What conclusion do you draw? The coefficient of linear expansion is 1.70 * 10-5 K-1.
A copper wire of cross-sectional area 3.00x10^-6 m2 carries a current of 10.0 A. (a) Assuming that each copper atom contributes one free electron to the metal, find the drift speed of the electrons in this wire. (b) Use the ideal gas model to compare the drift speed with the random rms speed an electron would have at 20.0°C. The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3, and its atomic mass is 63.5 u
Chapter 28 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations and Connections
Ch. 28.1 - Prob. 28.1CECh. 28.2 - Prob. 28.2CECh. 28.3 - Prob. 28.3CECh. 28.5 - When a lightbulb burns out, its filament breaks so...Ch. 28.6 - A battery with terminal potential is connected to...Ch. 28.7 - A battery of terminal potential is connected to a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 1PQCh. 28 - Prob. 2PQCh. 28 - Prob. 3PQCh. 28 - Prob. 4PQ
Ch. 28 - Prob. 5PQCh. 28 - Prob. 6PQCh. 28 - Prob. 7PQCh. 28 - Prob. 8PQCh. 28 - Prob. 9PQCh. 28 - Prob. 10PQCh. 28 - Prob. 11PQCh. 28 - Prob. 12PQCh. 28 - Prob. 13PQCh. 28 - Prob. 14PQCh. 28 - The current in a wire varies with time (measured...Ch. 28 - Prob. 16PQCh. 28 - The amount of charge that flows through a copper...Ch. 28 - Prob. 18PQCh. 28 - Prob. 19PQCh. 28 - Prob. 20PQCh. 28 - Prob. 21PQCh. 28 - Prob. 22PQCh. 28 - A copper wire that is 2.00 mm in radius with...Ch. 28 - Prob. 24PQCh. 28 - Prob. 25PQCh. 28 - Prob. 26PQCh. 28 - What is the electric field in an aluminum wire if...Ch. 28 - Prob. 28PQCh. 28 - Prob. 29PQCh. 28 - Prob. 30PQCh. 28 - Prob. 31PQCh. 28 - Prob. 32PQCh. 28 - Two concentric, metal spherical shells of radii a...Ch. 28 - Prob. 34PQCh. 28 - Prob. 35PQCh. 28 - Prob. 36PQCh. 28 - Prob. 37PQCh. 28 - A lightbulb is connected to a variable power...Ch. 28 - Prob. 39PQCh. 28 - Prob. 40PQCh. 28 - Prob. 41PQCh. 28 - Prob. 42PQCh. 28 - Prob. 43PQCh. 28 - A Two wires with different resistivities, 1 and 2,...Ch. 28 - A copper and a gold wire are supposed to have the...Ch. 28 - Gold bricks are formed with the dimensions 7358134...Ch. 28 - Prob. 47PQCh. 28 - Prob. 48PQCh. 28 - Prob. 49PQCh. 28 - Prob. 50PQCh. 28 - Prob. 51PQCh. 28 - Prob. 52PQCh. 28 - Prob. 53PQCh. 28 - Prob. 54PQCh. 28 - A two-slice bread toaster consumes 850.0 W of...Ch. 28 - Prob. 56PQCh. 28 - Prob. 57PQCh. 28 - Prob. 58PQCh. 28 - Prob. 59PQCh. 28 - Prob. 60PQCh. 28 - Prob. 61PQCh. 28 - Prob. 62PQCh. 28 - Prob. 63PQCh. 28 - Prob. 64PQCh. 28 - Prob. 65PQCh. 28 - Prob. 66PQCh. 28 - Prob. 67PQCh. 28 - Prob. 68PQCh. 28 - Prob. 69PQCh. 28 - Prob. 70PQCh. 28 - Prob. 71PQCh. 28 - Prob. 72PQCh. 28 - Prob. 73PQCh. 28 - Prob. 74PQCh. 28 - Review When a metal rod is heated, its resistance...Ch. 28 - Prob. 76PQCh. 28 - Prob. 77PQCh. 28 - Prob. 78PQCh. 28 - Prob. 79PQCh. 28 - Prob. 80PQCh. 28 - Prob. 81PQCh. 28 - A conducting material with resistivity is shaped...
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- A close analogy exists between the flow of energy by heat because of a temperature difference (see Section 19.6) and the flow of electric charge because of a potential difference. In a metal, energy dQ and electrical charge dq are both transported by free electrons. Consequently, a good electrical conductor is usually a good thermal conductor as well. Consider a thin conducting slab of thickness dx, area A, and electrical conductivity , with a potential difference dV between opposite faces. (a) Show that the current I = dq/dt is given by the equation on the left: ChargeconductionThermalconductiondqdt=A|dVdx|dQdt=kA|dTdx| In the analogous thermal conduction equation on the right (Eq. 19.17), the rate dQ/dt of energy flow by heat (in SI units of joules per second) is due to a temperature gradient dT/dx in a material of thermal conductivity k. (b) State analogous rules relating the direction of the electric current to the change in potential and relating the direction of energy flow to the change in temperature.arrow_forwardConsider a copper wire with a diameter of 2.75 mm. A. What is the drift speed of the electrons in the copper wire when a current of 13.0 A flows through it? Assume that each copper atom contributes one free electron to the metal. The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3. B. How does this drift speed compare to the random rms speed of an electron at 20.0°C? To make this comparison, determine the random rms speed of an electron at 20.0°C using the ideal gas model and find the ratio of the two speeds.arrow_forwardAn electron moving in a wire collide again and again with atoms and travel an average distance between the collision that is called mean free path. If the mean free path is less in some metals, what can you say about the resistance of the these metals? For a given conductor , what can you do to lengthen the mean free path?arrow_forward
- With a potential difference of 4V across a wire of length 5m and cross section area 1x10-6 m2 there is found to be a current of 12A flowing in the wire. What is the conductivity of the wire? Select one: a. 1.5×107 Siemens b. 9.6×106 Siemens c. 6×10-7 Siemens d. 1.66×107 Siemensarrow_forwardA copper wire of cross-sectional area 3.00x10^-6 m2 carries a current of 10.0 A. (a) Assuming thateach copper atom contributes one free electron to the metal, find the drift speed of the electrons inthis wire. (b) Use the ideal gas model to compare the drift speed with the random rms speed an electron would have at 20.0°C. The density of copper is 8.92 g/cm3, and its atomic mass is 63.5 uarrow_forwardAn electric current of 5 A passing through a resistor has a measured voltage of 6 V across the resistor. The resistor is cylindrical with a diameter of 2.5 cm and length of 15 cm. The resistor has a uniform temperature of 90°C and the room air temperature is 20°C. Assuming that heat transfer by radiation is negligible, determine the heat transfer coefficient by convection.arrow_forward
- An aluminum wire with a diameter of 0.100 mm has a uniform electric field of 0.200 V/m imposed along its entire length. The temperature of the wire is 50.0°C. Assume one free electron per atom.(d) What is the drift speed of the conduction electrons? (e) What potential difference must exist between the ends of a 2.00-m length of the wire to produce the stated electric field?arrow_forwardA copper wire has a circular cross section with a radius of 1.25 mm. (a) If the wire carries a current of 3.70 A, find the drift speed of the electrons in the wire. (See Example 17.2 for relevant data on copper.) (b) All other things being equal, what happens to the drift speed in wires made of metal having a larger number of conduction electrons per atom than copper? Explainarrow_forwardA conducting cylinder has length 36 mm and radius 17 mm. The conductor is then reshaped into a smaller cylinder, a quarter of the original length, and half that of the original diameter. The conductivity of the material is 6x107/Ω.m. Enter your answer in scientific notation with 2 significant figures. Please calculate the resistance for the reshaped conductorarrow_forward
- An iron wire has a cross-sectional area of 5.00 x 10-6 m2. Carry out the following steps to determine the drift speed of the conduction electrons in the wire if it carries a current of 30.0 A. (a) How many kilograms are there in 1.00 mole of iron? (b) Starting with the density of iron and the result of part (a), compute the molar density of iron (the number of moles of iron per cubic meter). (c) Calculate the number density of iron atoms using Avogadro’s number. (d) Obtain the number density of conduction electrons given that there are two conduction electrons per iron atom. (e) Calculate the drift speed of conduction electrons in this wire.arrow_forward2. A copper wire of cross-sectional area 1.20 mm2 has a current of 6.90 A flowing along its length. What is the drift speed of the conduction electrons? Assume 1.30 conduction electrons per copper atom. The mass density of copper is 9.00 g/cm3 and its molar mass is 64.0 g/mol. _____ mm/sarrow_forward
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