Essential Biology with Physiology
Essential Biology with Physiology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781323260999
Author: Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Jelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece, Custom Edition for Professor Davison
Publisher: Pearson Custom Publishing
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Chapter 29, Problem 1SQ

Certain fungi cause diseases in plants. There are a variety of antifungal sprays that can be used to control this problem. Some gardeners constantly spray their plants with fungicides, even when no signs of disease are evident. How might this be disadvantageous to the plant?

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Summary Introduction

To explain: How the antifungal sprays might be disadvantageous to the plants.

Concept introduction:

For absorption process, many plants gain some significant surface area through symbiotic associations with fungi. The plant roots and the associated fungus create a mutualistic structure called a mycorrhiza. The fungal filaments around the roots absorb water and the minerals much more rapidly than the roots absorb alone.

Explanation of Solution

The fungi and the plants have a symbiotic association with each other called mycorrhiza. The plant roots associated with fungus absorb water and minerals more than the normal plants. But there are some fungi that cause diseases. To get rid of fungal diseases, some antifungal sprays are used.

The plants that are unaffected by fungal diseases when they come in contact with fungicides may cause various effects on plant growth, photosynthesis, and nutrients. Some fungicides have copper that destroys the chloroplasts, affecting photosystem I (PSI) and the biosynthesis of chlorophyll. If the fungicides affect the mycorrhiza, the water and mineral absorption in plant reduces. It causes water and mineral deficiency in plants.

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The fungus Botrytis cinerea is a pathogen of plants, and causes high losses of strawberry crops around the world.  In Europe, most B. cinerea fungi are killed by fungicides (chemicals sprayed on the crops to kill the fungus).  However, some B. cinerea are resistant, and continue to live even when exposed to fungicides.  If the currently-used fungicides continue to be sprayed on strawberry crops in Europe, what is expected to happen? (Choose one.)   a)The strawberries will eventually become larger and more resistant to fungicides.   b)The strawberries will form a beneficial association (mutualism) with the B. cinerea, and both will be resistant to the fungicides.   c)Strawberry plants will preferentially be colonized by B. cinerea that are not resistant to fungicides.   d) The proportion of B. cinerea that are resistant to fungicides will increase in the population over time, and these fungicides will no longer be effective at killing most of these fungi.
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