Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of angiotensin I with trypsin are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The name of amino acids is represented by the one-letter and three-letter abbreviations. There are some enzymes used to hydrolyzed the specific sites of peptides. The carboxypeptidase enzymes are used to identify the C-terminal amino acid.
(b)
Interpretation: The products formed by the treatment of angiotensin I with chymotrypsin are to be predicted.
Concept introduction: The name of amino acids is represented by the one-letter and three-letter abbreviations. There are some enzymes are used to hydrolyzed the specific sites of peptides. The carboxypeptidase enzymes are used to identify the C-terminal amino acid.
(c)
Interpretation: The sequence of the amino acid in angiotensin
Concept introduction: The name of amino acids is represented by the one-letter and three-letter abbreviations. There are some enzymes are used to hydrolyzed the specific sites of peptides. The carboxypeptidase enzymes are used to identify the C-terminal amino acid.
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ORGANIC CHEMISTRY SOLUTION MANUAL
- 16*32 Many tumors of the breast are correlated with estrogen levels in the body. Drugs that interfere with estrogen binding have antitumor activity and may even help prevent tumor occurrence. A widely used antiestrogen drug is tamoxifen. kJ1 Name the functional groups in tamoxifen. Classify the amino group in tamoxifen as primary, secondary, or tertiary. How many stereoisomers are possible for tamoxifen? (d, Would you expect tamoxifen to be soluble or insoluble in water? In blood?arrow_forwardThe shown image is a reaction diagram for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Appropriately substituted phosphonates (structure shown above) were successfully designed as strong inhibitors for proteolytic enzymes. Explain why this strategy was successful. Note that the lengths of P–O bonds in phosphonates are significantly longer than the corresponding C–O bonds.arrow_forward1. Biogenic Amines are inactivated primarily by a. Sulfonation b. Glucoronidation c. Aromatic hydroxylation d. Methylation 2. A drug can exert its pharmacological effect only if it is a. Protein bound b. Protein unbound c. Free drug d. Both B & C e. Both A & C 3. In order for the drug to be ready and available for absorption, it must be release first from its dosage form with the exception of: a. Capsule b. Tablet c. Solution d. Suspension 4. All of the following are true, except a. Solubility increase with decrease particle size b. Solubility increase with increase surface area c. Solubility increase with increase particle size d. Solubility decrease with decrease surface area 5. The rate in which the drug appears in the bloodstream is also known as a. Half-life b. Potency c. Bioavailability d. Area under the curvearrow_forward
- Ceramide can then be used to synthesize sphingomyelin, another important molecule that is prevalent in cell membranes. 1.How does the structure of sphingomyelin differ from that of ceramide? 2.Sphingomyelin is also found in the cell membrane. Explain how you would expect to find the orientation of this molecule in the cell membrane. 3.Which amino alcohol is used in the synthesis of sphingomyelin? 4.What is particular about the amino alcohol used in in the synthesis of sphingomyelin? 5.How does your answer to #16 affect the physical properties of properties of sphingomyelin?arrow_forwardGeneral reactions for drugs belonging to the group of aliphatic amino acids: A) with iodine solution B) With ninhydrin C) With copper sulfate in an alkaline environment D) With resorcinolarrow_forwardCompound A boils at 25 C Compound B boils at 80 C Which has the strong IMFs? OB O Aarrow_forward
- When adding formaldehyde solution to gamma-aminobutyric acid: A) The amino group reacts B) The connection has basic properties blocked C) Carboxyl group reacts with formaldehyde D) The compound is blocked by acidic propertiesarrow_forwardSeveral compounds have been found to inhibit -lactamase, and drugs based on these compounds can be taken in combination with penicillins and cephalosporins to restore their effectiveness when resistance is known to be a problem. The commonly prescribed formulation called Augmentin is a combination of the -lactamase inhibitor shown below with amoxicillin (shown above). It is used to treat childhood ear infections when resistance is suspected, and many kids know it as the white liquid that tastes like bananas. Which of the statements below are true statements? 1. The stereochemistry of the fusion between the four-and five-membered rings in the inhibitor and amoxicillin are different. 2. The inhibitor possesses enol ether and allylic alcohol functional groups while the antibiotic possesses a phenol and a secondary amide functional group. 3. Neither the inhibitor nor the antibiotic contains strained rings. 4. Both 1 and 2 are true.arrow_forwardLeuprolide is a synthetic nonapeptide used to treat both endometriosis in women and prostate cancer in men. (a) Both C-terminal and N-terminal amino acids in leuprolide have been structurally modified. Identify the modifications. (b) One of the nine amino acids in leuprolide has d stereochemistry rather than the usual L. Which one? (c) Write the structure of leuprolide using both one- and three-letter abbreviations. (d) What charge would you expect leuprolide to have at neutral pH?arrow_forward
- Where can you find the acyl group in the structure? A. At the 1-amino position of the sugar B. At the 1-amino position of the streptamine C. At the 1-amino position of the 2-deoxystreptamine At the 3-amino position of streptamine D. At the 3-amino position of 2-deoxystreptamine E. At the OH-position of the amino sugararrow_forwardThe imidazole ring on Histamine has a pKa of 6.5. What is the %ionization of this group at pH 8.2?arrow_forwardWhen two amino acids react to form a peptide bond, one forms: A.) amide by an electrophilic acylic substitution B.) amide by nucleophilic acylic substitution C.) lactam by nucleophilic acylic substitution D.) lactam by an electrophilic acyl substitutionarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningIntroduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning