Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
18th Edition
ISBN: 9781260411140
Author: Cleveland P Hickman Jr. Emeritus, Susan L. Keen, David J Eisenhour Professor PhD, Allan Larson, Helen I'Anson Associate Professor of Biology
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 29, Problem 5RQ
Summary Introduction
To determine: The process to modify the definition of a hydrostatic skeleton to apply it to a muscular hydrostat.
Introduction: Skeletons are considered as a supportive system that confers firmness to the body and protects the bodily organs and surfaces of muscular attachments. A bone is a supportive and connective tissue that serves several binding and weight-bearing functions.
Summary Introduction
To give: Examples for the hydrostat skeleton and muscular hydrostat.
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Hydrostatic skeletons have been defined as a mass of fluid enclosed within a muscular wall. How would you modify this definition to apply it to a muscular hydrostat? Offer examples of both a hydro-static skeleton and a muscular hydrostat.
If a muscle cell had very short T-tubules, how much tension would the muscle fiber create, relative to a normal muscle fiber? Assume sarcoplasmic reticulum can still react to activity at the neuromuscular junction.
a)Less tension would be created.
b) No difference in tension creation.
c) More tension would be created.
d) No tension would be created.
a muscle cell structural element that consist primarily of an actin filament is a/an______
Chapter 29 Solutions
Loose Leaf For Integrated Principles Of Zoology
Ch. 29 - The arthropod exoskeleton is the most complex of...Ch. 29 - Distinguish between epidermis and dermis in...Ch. 29 - Prob. 3RQCh. 29 - As naked apes humans lack the protective...Ch. 29 - Prob. 5RQCh. 29 - Prob. 6RQCh. 29 - What is the difference between endochondral and...Ch. 29 - Discuss the role of osteoclasts, osteoblasts,...Ch. 29 - The laws of scaling tell us that doubling the...Ch. 29 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 29 - Prob. 11RQCh. 29 - Prob. 12RQCh. 29 - What functional features of molluscan smooth...Ch. 29 - Prob. 14RQCh. 29 - While the sarcoplasmic reticulum of muscle was...Ch. 29 - The filaments of skeletal muscle are moved by free...Ch. 29 - During evolution, skeletal muscle became adapted...Ch. 29 - A weight lifter decides to go jogging with a...
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- You are training athletes for the 100-meter dash. They need muscles specialized for speed and strength, not endurance. What muscle characteristics would your training regimen aim to develop? How would you alter it to train a long-distance swimmer?arrow_forwardWhy do you think a person is able to perform anaerobic exercise (such as lifting and holding a heavy weight) only briefly but can sustain aerobic exercise (such as walking or swimming) for long periods? (Hint: Muscles have limited energy stores.)arrow_forwardExplain why (a) calcium ions and (b) ACh are vital for muscle contraction.arrow_forward
- Figure 38.37 Which of the following statements about muscle contraction is true? The power stroke occurs when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and phosphate. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the myosin head. The power stroke occurs when ADP and phosphate dissociate from the actin active site. The power stroke occurs when Ca2+ binds the calcium head.arrow_forwardWhat are the components of a neuromuscular junction? Describe its role. Discuss the steps in the activation of a muscle to contract.arrow_forwardExplain the concept of the following in regard to muscle cells: sliding filament movement does not need to be a super indepth answerarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements is True?a. Tendons contract using the sliding filament mechanism.b. Tendons are composed primarily of cartilage fibers.c. Tendons attach bones to bones at joints.d. Tendons attach muscles to bone.arrow_forwardDescribe the process of skeletal muscle contraction, beginning with an action potential in a motor neuron and ending with the relaxation of the muscle. Your answer should include the following words: neuromuscular junction, T tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium, thin filaments, binding sites, thick filaments, sarcomere, Z disc, and active transport.arrow_forwardPlace the following gross anatomic and microscopic anatomic structures in order from largest to smallest: fascicle, myofibril, myofilament, muscle, muscle fiber, and sarcomere. Describe their anatomic relationship.arrow_forward
- Two skeletal muscles A and B contain 1000 and 200 individual muscle fibers respectively. Muscle A has 10 motor units each consisting of one motor neuron and 100 muscle fibers. Muscle B has 20 motor units and each consisting of 10 muscle fibers and one motor neuron. Which muscle can produce a wider range of forces?arrow_forwardCompare the composition of flight muscles with a powerful locomotive muscle in terms of mitochondria, myofibrils, or sarcoplasmic reticulum (assume these components make up 100% of the muscle volume). Explain your answer.arrow_forwardDuring contraction, the bulk of calcium comes from: A. sarcomere B. sarcoplasm C. sarcoplasmic reticulum D. sarcolemma Coming off of the M line are _________ fibers and extending off of the Z line are __________ fibers. A. troponin; tropomyosin B. actin; myosin C. myosin; actin D. tropomyosin; actin E. myosin; tropomyosinarrow_forward
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