The temperature at which two protons come close together to form an isotope of helium.

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Chapter 29, Problem 60GP

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The temperature at which two protons come close together to form an isotope of helium.

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3. Draw a graph showing how the potential energy changes when two protons approach each other and fuse to form deuterium. We will be drawing this graph in two parts! a. Explain how the PE changes in terms of forces where the electromagnetic force is in operation (about 10-14 to 10-13 m). Draw just the part of the graph where the electromagnetic force is in operation (about 10-14 to 10-13 m). Put PE on the Y axis and distance on the X axis. b. Explain how the PE changes in terms of forces when the strong nuclear force comes into operation (smaller than 10-14 m). Now just draw the part of the graph showing what happens when the strong nuclear force comes into operation (smaller than 10-14 m).

A typical carbon nucleus contains 6 neutrons and 6 protons. The 6 protons are all positively charged and in very close proximity, with separations on the order of 10-15 meters, which should result in an enormous repulsive force. What prevents the nucleus from dismantling itself due to the repulsion of the electric force? a. The attractive nature of the strong nuclear force overpowers the electric force. b. The weak nuclear force barely offsets the electric force. c. Magnetic forces generated by the orbiting electrons create a stable minimum in which the nuclear charged particles reside. d. The attractive electric force of the surrounding electrons is equal in all directions and cancels out, leaving no net electric force.

18 The nuclear atom model put forward by Ernest Rutherfort is Rutherford's model on a thin gold plate. It is based on the observation of the scattering behavior of the transmitted alpha particles. Accordingly, given which one is wrong? a) The positively charged protons inside the atom are concentrated in the nucleus. B) Most of the alpha particles are backscattered after hitting the gold plate. NS) Few of the positively charged alpha particles hit the gold plate and are scattered back at a large angle. D) Most of the positively charged alpha particles passed through the gold plate without any scattering. TO) The nucleus, where the protons are together, occupies a very small volume.