Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780136042594
Author: Stuart Russell, Peter Norvig
Publisher: Prentice Hall
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Chapter 3, Problem 16E

a.

Explanation of Solution

Formulation:

  • Initial state: one arbitrarily selected piece (say a straight piece).
  • Successor function: for any open peg, add any piece type from remaining types.
  • For a curved piece, add “in either orientation”; for a fork, add “in either orientation” and connect “at either hole”...

b.

Explanation of Solution

Search algorithm:

  • All solutions are at the same depth, so depth-first search would be appropriate.
  • The space is very large, so uniform-cost...

c.

Explanation of Solution

Reasons for not removing any one of the “fork” pieces:

  • A solution has no open pegs or holes, so every peg is in a hole, so there must be equal numbers of pegs and holes. Removing a fork violates this property.
  • There are two other “proofs” that are acceptable:
    • a similar argument to the effect that there must be an even number of “ends”...

d.

Explanation of Solution

Upper bound:

  • The maximum possible number of open pegs is 3.
  • Pretending each piece is unique, any piece can be added to a peg, giving at most 12 + (2 · 16) + (2 · 2) + (2 · 2 · 2) = 56 choices per peg...

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When faced with a difficult problem in mathematics, it often helps to draw a picture. If the problem involves a discrete collection of interrelated objects, it is natural to sketch the objects and draw lines between them to indicate the relationships. A graph (composed of dots called vertices connected by lines or curves called edges) is the mathematical version of such a sketch. The edges of a graph may have arrows on them; in this case, the graph is called a directed graph. When we draw a graph, it doesn’t really matter where we put the vertices or whether we draw the edges as curved or straight; rather, what matters is whether or not two given vertices are connected by an edge (or edges). The degree of a vertex is the number of edges incident to it (i.e., the number of times an edge touches it). This is different than the number of edges touching it, because an edge my form a loop; for instance, vertex ? in graph ? (above) has degree 5. In a directed graph, we can speak of the…
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