CAMPBELL BIOLOGY - BIO 121 W/ACC >IC<
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781323423967
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON C
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Chapter 3, Problem 16TYK
Enzymes usually function best at an optimal pH and temperature. The following graph shows the effectiveness of two enzymes at various temperatures.
a. At which temperature does enzyme A perform best? Enzyme B?
b. One of these enzymes is found in humans and the other in thermophilic (heat-loving) bacteria. Which enzyme would you predict comes from which organism?
c. From what you know about enzyme structure, explain why the
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Consider the analogy of the jiggling box containing coins that was described on page 85. The reaction, the flipping of coins that either face heads up (h) or tails up (T), is described by the equation h ↔ T, where the rate of the forward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction.a. What are ΔG and ΔG° in this analogy? b. What corresponds to the temperature at which the reaction proceeds? What corresponds to the activation energy of the reaction? assume you have an “enzyme,” called jigglase, which catalyzes this reaction. What would the effect of jigglase be and what, mechanically, might jigglase do in this analogy?
Which of the following accurately describes how an enzyme functions?
a. reduces the energy content of the products
b. allows for the exothermic reaction of materials that are usually endothermic
c. changes the reaction mechanism effectively reducing the activation energy
d. shifts the equilibrium for the reaction
Given: Your professor gives you a vial of enzyme and a vial of substrate. The product of this reaction is fluorescent and you can measure the concentration of the product as a function of time.
(answer a, b, and c)a) Your professor tells you to quantify how much product is being produced per minute at thebeginning of the experiment. What exactly are you measuring?b) On the same plot, show the kinetic curve for an increased quantity of enzyme. Assume a 2x concentration. Indicate Km and Vmax.c) You don’t have a computer hand. Sad. How can you plot the data such that you can get important Michaelis-Menten values?
Chapter 3 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY - BIO 121 W/ACC >IC<
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- Which of the following is not true about enzymes? a. They are consumed by the reactions they catalyze. b. They are usually made of amino acids. c. They lower the activation energy of chemical reactions. d. Each one is specific to the particular substrate(s) to which it binds.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements helps best explain the reaction specificity of an enzyme? a) The shape and charge of the substrates are compatible with the active site of the enzyme. b) The free energy of the reactants is greater than the free energy of the products. c) The equilibrium constant of the reaction is much greater than 1. d) The concentration of the enzyme inside living cells is greater than the concentration of substrate.arrow_forwardWhich of the following would best explain how an enzyme catalyzes two different reactions? A) The enzyme contains a-helices and B-pleated sheets. B) The enzyme is subject to cooperativity C) Either the enzyme has two distinct active sites or the substrates involved in the two reactions have very similar structures D) The enzyme is subject to competitive inhibition and allosteric regulation E) The enzyme is composed of at least two subunitsarrow_forward
- In a highly high-temperature environment, you placed an enzyme and some substrates. You've seen that there hasn't been any reaction. Applying what you have learned on enzyme activity, how would you explain what occurred? A. The enzyme was not placed at a pH level that would allow it to react at its maximum rate. B. There are not enough enzymes for the reaction to occur. C. The enzyme may have denatured or broken down due to the high temperature of the environment, resulting in no reaction. D. There are not enough substrates for reaction to occur. Substrate concentration affects enzyme activity. Determine what would occur when there are too many substrates and fewer enzymes? A. No enzyme activity would occur. B. The reaction rate would continuously increase. C. The reaction would speed up tremendously. D. Maximal rate of reaction would occur. Enzyme activity mainly involves the active site and the substrate. How would you compare the active site from the substrate? A. The substrate…arrow_forwardIf you wanted to improve the catalytic efficiency of an enzyme, what changes might you make to the enzyme and why? Consider what factors affect catalysis. You can suggest a change in the environment or a change in the protein itself.arrow_forwardConsider an enzyme catalyzed reaction taking place in an aqueous solution. If the earlier process of folding the enzyme results in a large decrease in the entropy of the system, how would this impact the rate of the catalyzed reaction.arrow_forward
- Choose the best description of an enzyme: (a) It allows a chemical reaction to proceed extremely fast. (b) It increases the rate at which a chemical reaction approaches equilibrium relative to its uncatalyzed rate. (c) It makes a reaction thermodynamically favorable.arrow_forwardThe image shows the rate of an enzyme reaction under conditions of no inhibition, competitive inhibition, and noncompetitive inhibition as reactions labeled uninhibited, A, and B. Which of the following best explains what has occurred in the enzyme reactions? Reaction B shows competitive inhibition, where increased substrate competes with inhibitors for the active site. Reaction A shows noncompetitive inhibition, where increased substrate competes with inhibitors for the active site. Reaction A shows competitive inhibition, where increased substrate does not affect the enzyme’s binding with the inhibitor. Reaction B shows noncompetitive inhibition, where increased substrate does not affect the enzyme’s binding with the inhibitor.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is NOT true of enzymes? a) They may interact chemically with their substrates b) They may catalyze a reaction in both forward and reverse directions. c) They may alter Keq for the reaction that they catalyze. d) They may decrease the entropy of their substrates.arrow_forward
- The graph shows the reaction coordinate of an enzymatic reaction of substrate to product a) which number correlates with the overall Keq of the reaction going from S to P? b) which number correlates with the velocity of the reaction WITHOUT enzyme (ie. starting with only substrate)? C) which number correlates with the overall velocity of the reaction WITH SATURATED enzyme D) the initial velocity of this reaction increases by a specific factor in the presence of enzyme. The difference between which two numbers best correlates with this enhancement in velocity? 1) 3 and 1 2) 3and 2 3) 3 and 4 4) 3 and 5 5) 3 and 6arrow_forwardWe can increase the rate of a reaction by decreasing the activation energy. And, we can do it by using an enzyme. Explain how enzyme decrease the activation energy.arrow_forwardA biologist investigating enzyme function plotted the activity of a particular enzyme (y-axis) vs pH (x-axis). Experiment A was performed at 30 oC, experiment B at 10 oC and experiment C at 100 oC. Experiments A, B, and C all used the same type of enzyme, they simple tested the enzyme's activity at different temperatures. Using your knowledge of enzyme activity, answer the questions based on the results shown in the graph. (Answer question B) Graph included B. Why is there no hill in the middle of line C?arrow_forward
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