Concept explainers
Concept introduction: Hydrogenation is a process in food industry, where vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are added with additional hydrogen atoms, which result in trans bonds. The trans-containing unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together in the lipid bilayer.
To explain: Whether the physical properties of the hydrogenated and partially hydrogenated oils differ.
To explain: The way in which the differences between the fully and partially hydrogenated oils occur.
Concept introduction: Hydrogenation is a process in food industry, where vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are added with additional hydrogen atoms, which result in trans bonds. The trans-containing unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together in the lipid bilayer.
To explain: Whether fully hydrogenated vegetable oil is more or less healthy to eat or it has no effect
Concept introduction: Hydrogenation is a process in food industry, where vegetable oils containing unsaturated fatty acids are added with additional hydrogen atoms, which result in trans bonds. The trans-containing unsaturated fatty acids can be packed together in the lipid bilayer.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
Biology: The Unity and Diversity of Life
- Manufacturers make carbonated drinks by forcing pressurized carbon dioxide gas into flavored water. A chemical reaction between water molecules and some of the CO2 molecules creates hydrogen ions (H+) and bicarbonate, which is a buffer. In your opinion, is this reaction likely to raise the pH of a soda above 7, or lower it? Give your reasoning.arrow_forwardDixie Bee wanted to make JELL-O shots for her next party, but felt guilty about encouraging her guests to consume alcohol. She tried to compensate for the toxicity of the alcohol by adding pieces of healthy fresh pineapple to the shots, but when she did, the JELL-O never solidified. What happened? Hint: JELL-O is mainly sugar and a gelatinous mixture of proteins.arrow_forwardUnlike saturated fats, the fatty acid tails of unsaturated fats incorporate one or more ________. a. phosphate group c. double bonds b. glycerols d. single bondsarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about saturated fats is true? a. Saturated fats contain one or more double bonds along the tails. b. Saturated fats contain the maximum number of hydrogens along the tails. c. Saturated fats make up the majority of most plant oils. d. Saturated fats are typically healthier for you than unsaturated fats.arrow_forwardMost animal fats are solid at room temperature, whereas plant and fish oils tend to be liquid. Both contain fatty acids. Can you predict which type of fat contains saturated fatty acids, and which type contains unsaturated fatty acids?arrow_forwardCarbon chains are principal features for both carbohydrates and lipids. What is the primary difference between these two types of macromolecules?* Please choose one correct answer only. A. Lipids always have longer carbon chains than carbohydrates B. Lipids provide energy, but carbohydrates cannot C. Carbohydrates cannot form rings like lipids can D. Carbohydrates form ring structures, lipids form long chainsarrow_forward
- How is the structure of saturated fats different from that of unsaturated fats? A. All of the carbons in the hydrocarbon tails of saturated fats are bonded to one another with double bonds. B. Saturated fats have three hydrocarbon tails bonded to the glycerol molecule instead of just two. C. The hydrocarbon tails in a saturated fat have the maximum number of hydrogens possible. D. Saturated fats have no oxygens present. What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells? A. Energy storage, cell identity, structure, and building blocks for synthesis. B. Catalysis, structure, and energy storage. C. Different orientation of a hydroxyl in the ring form. D. Different position of the carbonyl group in the linear form. A positive test for starch would give the following colors: A. Dark blue, black, or purple B. Red, yellow, orange-red, green C. Bright Purple D. Purely Bluearrow_forwardCertain fats are important components of a healthy diet. But trans-fats are associated with increased risk of heart disease. Are trans-fats saturated or unsaturated fatty acids? What is the difference in chemical structure between a trans-fat versus a cis-fat?arrow_forwardWhich are true of saturated fats? Group of answer choices Saturated fats are solid at room temperature. At the same temperature, saturated fats are more densely packed than unsaturated fats. Saturated fats have single bonds between the carbons in the fatty acid tails. Saturated fats have an least one double bonds between the carbons in the fatty acid tails.arrow_forward
- Lipids, like carbonhydrates, contain 'organic' atoms and 'organic' bonds, but have fewer _______________________and therefore , are mostly insoluble in water. a. covalent bonds b. non-polar covalent bonds c. soft ionic bonds d. polar covalent bonds e. molar covalent bonds.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements best explains the insolubility of lipids in water? a. The structure of lipids includes hydrophilic molecules. b. The polar portion of lipids is much larger than the nonpolar portion. c. The polar portion of lipids is much smaller than the nonpolar portion. d. The polar and nonpolar portions of lipids are of the same size.arrow_forwardWhich of the following statements concerning palmitic acid is INCORRECT? a. It can barely be dissolved in water. b. It is an unsaturated fatty acid. c. It is consisted of 16 carbons. d. It is a lipid.arrow_forward
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