The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134059068
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Megan O. Donahue, Nicholas Schneider, Mark Voit
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 3, Problem 2VSC
Use the following questions to check your understanding of some of the many types of visual information used in astronomy. For additional practice, try the Chapter 3 Visual Quiz at MasteringAstronomy®.
Study the two graphs above, based on Figure 3.19. Use the information in the graphs to answer the following questions.
2. An asteroid with an average orbital distance of 2 AU will orbit the Sun at an average speed that is
a. a little slower than the orbital speed of Mars.
b. a little faster than the orbital speed of Mars.
c. the same as the orbital speed of Mars.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
1. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long?
2. Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important?
3. Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING!
4. One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s laws to find the distance (in astronomical units) between the planet (unofficially named Bellerophon) and its star. SHOW YOUR WORK!
5. How does halving the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them?
6. Suppose the Sun were somehow replaced by a star with five times as much mass. What would happen to the gravitational force between the Earth and the Sun?
7. How long would the Earth year last in this last case? (hint: Newton’s version of Kepler’s 3rd…
Explain what is meant by the distance ladder in astronomy. Describe briefly how each “rung” of the distance ladder is calibrated so that a reliable measure of distance can be obtained using each of the methods. State clearly the range of distances that can be measured by each method that makes up the distance ladder.
I hope you answer this:)
1. Ancient civilizations observed and kept track of daily movement of heavenly bodies. Which one is NOT the reason for this?
a. navigation purposes
b. time keeping
c. annual cultural cycles
d. agricultural cycles
2. What Kepler's Law of Planetary Motion is related to the Newton's Law of Motion based from the statement below:
The statement:
"Since the planets move on ellipses they are continually accelerating."
a. Law of Ellipses and Law of Acceleration
b. Law of Ellipses and Law of Inertia
c. Law of Equal Areas and Law of Interaction
d. Law of Period and Law of Inertia
e. Law of Period and Law of Acceleration
3. Edwi Hubble proposed a way to organize galaxies in 1920. How are galaxies classified?
a. color of stars
b. shape of galaxy
c. age of stars
d. composition of stars
e. diameter of galaxy
4. Find the magnifying power (M) and the length (L) of a simple telescope with 30-inches focal length of the objective and 2 inches focal length of the eyepiece.…
Chapter 3 Solutions
The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
Ch. 3 - Prob. 1VSCCh. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Use the following questions to check your...Ch. 3 - Prob. 6VSCCh. 3 - Prob. 7VSCCh. 3 - Prob. 1EAPCh. 3 - Why did ancient peoples study astronomy? Describe...Ch. 3 - Describe the astronomical origins of our day,...
Ch. 3 - What is a lunar calendar? How can it be kept...Ch. 3 - What do we mean by a model in science?Ch. 3 - Summarize the development of the Greek geocentric...Ch. 3 - What was the Copernican revolution, and how did it...Ch. 3 - 8. What is an ellipse? Define its foci, semimajor...Ch. 3 - 9. State and explain the meaning of each of...Ch. 3 - Describe the three hallmarks of science and how we...Ch. 3 - 11. What is the difference between a hypothesis...Ch. 3 - What is the basic idea behind astrology? Explain...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience?
Each of the following...Ch. 3 - Science or Nonscience? Each of the following...Ch. 3 - In the Greek geocentric model, the retrograde...Ch. 3 - Which of the following was not a major advantage...Ch. 3 - When we say that a planet has a highly eccentric...Ch. 3 - Earth is closer to the Sun in January than in...Ch. 3 - According to Kepler’s third law, (a) Mercury...Ch. 3 - Tycho Brahe’s contribution to astronomy included...Ch. 3 - Galileo’s contribution to astronomy included (a)...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not true about...Ch. 3 - Which of the following is not true about a...Ch. 3 - When Einstein’s theory of gravity (general...Ch. 3 - Prob. 33EAPCh. 3 - Earth’s Shape. It took thousands of years for...Ch. 3 - Prob. 35EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 36EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 37EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 38EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 39EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 40EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 41EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 42EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 43EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 44EAPCh. 3 - Be sure to show alt calculations clearly and state...Ch. 3 - Prob. 46EAPCh. 3 - Be sure to show alt calculations clearly and state...Ch. 3 - Prob. 48EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 49EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 50EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 51EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 52EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 53EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 54EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 55EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 56EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 57EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 58EAPCh. 3 - Prob. 59EAP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- I am stuck on where to start with this question... 2. a. For two moons, (Moon A and Moon B) with the same mass, both in circular orbits about Mars, how many times more quickly or slowly is Moon B moving along its orbit if it 9 times farther from Mars' center than Moon A? b. Now if Moon A is 4 times more massive that Moon B, how much faster or slower will Moon B's orbital velocity be (relative to that of Moon A)?arrow_forward1. If people on Earth were viewing a total lunar eclipse, what would you see from your home on the Moon? Draw a diagram. 2. Why were the main reasons why the idea that the Earth was at the center of the universe lasted so long? 3. Discuss in 2 paragraphs the observations made by Galileo that disproved Geocentrism. Which one do you think was the most important? 4. Write down a hypothesis and observational experiment to test one of Newton’s laws of motion. EXPLAIN YOUR REASONING! 5. One of the first exoplanets discovered orbits the star 51 Pegasi with a period of just 4.2 days. 51 Pegasi is very similar to the Sun. Use Kepler’s laws to find the distance (in astronomical units) between the planet (unofficially named Bellerophon) and its star. SHOW YOUR WORK! 6. How does halving the distance between two objects affect the gravitational force between them? 7. Suppose the Sun were somehow replaced by a star with five times as much mass. What would happen to the gravitational force between…arrow_forwardPlease answer the question and subquestions entirely. This is one single question. According to the official guideline, I can ask two subquestions! Thank you! 1) A planet Y is moving in circular orbit around the Sun. If its distance from the Sun is four times the average distance of the Earth from the Sun, what is the Y’s period in Earth years? 3 8 16 32 64 a) Two masses are precisely 1 m apart from each other. The gravitational force each exerts on the other is exactly 1 N. If the masses are identical, what is each mass? 1.22 x 105 kg 1.34 x 1010 kg 2.50 x 105 kg 1.58 x 1010 kg b) What is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the planet Pluto if its mass is 1.2 x 10 22 kg and radius is 1.14 x 10 6 m? 9.8 m/s2 6.4 m/s2 0.62 m/s2 0.34 m/s2arrow_forward
- State and explain in 50 words possible applications of hyperbolic geometry EXCEPT of the following: - Geometry-based artwork - Neurological and biological studies - Promising model for social networks - Astronomy and cosmology - Illustrating Einstein’s theory of relativityarrow_forwardGive me the right answer please and thank you, take your timeCalculate the amount of time it takes for light reflected off the surface of a distant planet to reach us.1. Sunlight takes about 8.3 minutes to travel from the Sun to Earth. What is the Sun-Earth distance in AU? (Give your answer rounded to the nearest AU).2.Light is reflected off the surface of a planet 5.2 AU away from us. How long does it take this light to reach us from the planet? Give your answer in minutes, rounded to exactly one decimal place.arrow_forwardDefine the escape velocity and discuss the factors upon which it depends. Is it same or different for all planets in the Universe? Explain the reasonarrow_forward
- What do we mean by apparent retrograde motion of planets? Why was it difficult for ancient astronomers to explain? How do we explain it today?arrow_forward1Which of the following best describes a frame of reference? an experiment that proved that Earth did not have an aether wind the theory that describes the behavior and characteristics of objects moving at relativistic speeds the effect of the slowing of time as an object moves with high speeds a point in which someone relates the behavior of an object from one perspective 2If an electron moves from n = 5 to n = 1, what wavelength of light is emitted? (h = 6.626 x 10-34, 1 eV = 1.6 x 10-19 J) 4008 nm 434 nm 95 nm 1281 nm 3Which of the following best describes a frame of reference? an experiment that proved that Earth did not have an aether wind the theory that describes the behavior and characteristics of objects moving at relativistic speeds the effect of the slowing of time as an object moves with high speeds a point in which someone relates the behavior of an object from…arrow_forwardThe law of conservation of energy states that energy can be converted from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed. Therefore, the amount of energy in the universe is constant. In your initial post to the discussion, respond to the following prompts: What do you think would happen if energy were not conserved? Think of (and share) two scenarios in which our lives would be drastically altered if this law of conservation was not in place. At least one of your scenarios should be at the molecular level. Would the implications be positive? Negative? Explain.arrow_forward
- Thinking about the topics in this chapter, here is an Earth analogy. In big cities, you can see much farther on days without smog. Why?arrow_forwardPlease explain in full detail as I am trying to understand this concept! thank you! a. Sketch a diagram including Earth, Sun, and Mars, with attention to scale of distance (Mars is about 1.5 AU from the Sun) showing a faster trajectory from Earth to Mars than the minimal energy trajectory discussed in the lecture. b. Without doing a calculation, how would the arrival velocity of the spacecraft at Mars for the case in (a) compare to the spacecraft arrival in the class example? The lecture example had the spacecraft arriving at Mars with a velocity of 22.49 km/sec. c. The average velocity of Mars in orbit around the Sun is 24.08 km/sec. Comment on the trade-offs between trajectories, arrival velocities and velocity changes (delta V) required to enter an orbit around Mars.arrow_forwardYou have negotiated with the Omicronians for a base on the planet Omicron Persei 7. The architects working with you to plan the base need to know the acceleration of a freely falling object at the surface of the planet in order to adequately design the structures. The Omicronians have told you that the value is gOP7=7.29 flurg/grom^2, but your architects use the units meters/second^2, and from your previous experience you know that both the Omicronians and your architects are terrible at unit conversion. Thus, it's up to you to do the unit conversion. Fortunately, you know the unit equality relationships: 5.24flurg=1meter and 1grom=0.493second. What is the value of gOP7 in the units your architects will use, in meter per second squared?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399944Author:Michael A. SeedsPublisher:Cengage LearningFoundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)PhysicsISBN:9781337399920Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
- AstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStaxStars and GalaxiesPhysicsISBN:9781305120785Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana BackmanPublisher:Cengage Learning
Stars and Galaxies (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399944
Author:Michael A. Seeds
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Foundations of Astronomy (MindTap Course List)
Physics
ISBN:9781337399920
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Astronomy
Physics
ISBN:9781938168284
Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. Wolff
Publisher:OpenStax
Stars and Galaxies
Physics
ISBN:9781305120785
Author:Michael A. Seeds, Dana Backman
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Time Dilation - Einstein's Theory Of Relativity Explained!; Author: Science ABC;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yuD34tEpRFw;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY