Concept explainers
Although copper does not usually react with acids, it does react with concentrated nitric acid. The reaction is complicated, but one outcome is
- (a) Name all of the reactants and products.
- (b) Balance the reaction.
- (c) Assign oxidation numbers to the atoms. Is this a
redox reaction ? - (d) Pre-1983 pennies were made of pure copper. If such a penny had a mass of 3.10 g, how many moles of Cu are in one penny? How many atoms of copper are in one penny?
- (e) What mass of HNO3 would be needed to completely react with a pre-1983 penny?
(a)
Interpretation:
The reactants and products in the given reaction has to be named.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is:
The name of the reactants is:
The name of the products is:
(b)
Interpretation:
The given reaction has to be balanced.
Explanation of Solution
The given reaction is:
Add 2 as coefficient in front of nitrogen dioxide.
Then the equation will be:
Now balance the nitrogen atoms, for that place 4 in front of nitric acid.
Equation will be:
Finally balance the hydrogen and oxygen atoms, for that place a coefficient of 2 in front of water.
Then the balanced equation is:
(c)
Interpretation:
The oxidation numbers of the atoms present in the equation has to be given. Also, whether the reaction is a redox reaction or not has to be given.
Explanation of Solution
The given equation is:
The oxidation number of metallic copper is 0.
Oxidation number of hydrogen in nitric acid is +1.
Oxidation number of nitrogen in nitric acid is +5.
Oxidation number of oxygen in nitric acid is -6.
Oxidation number of copper in copper nitrate is +2.
Nitrate is a polyatomic ion and its oxidation state is-1.
Oxidation number of nitrogen in nitrogen dioxide is +4.
Oxidation number of oxygen in nitrogen dioxide is -2.
Oxidation state of hydrogen in water is +1.
Oxidation number of oxygen in water is 2.
(d)
Interpretation:
Explanation of Solution
(e)
Interpretation:
The mass of nitric acid would be needed to completely react with a
Explanation of Solution
The equation is:
Molar mass of nitric acid is
Molar mass of copper is
Therefore,
Nitric acid required is:
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