Concept explainers
3-18 How many electrons must each atom gain or lose to acquire an electron configuration identical to the noble gas nearest to it in
(a) Li
(b) Cl
(c) P
(d) Al
(e) Sr
(f) S
(g) Si
(h) O
(a)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(b)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(c)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(d)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(e)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(f)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Determine the number of elections which must gain or lose to acquire an electronic configuration identical to the neat noble gas.
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(g)
.Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
(h)
Interpretation:
The number of electrons which must be gain or lose by
Concept Introduction:
Octet rule: generally all atoms will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 8 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element.
Duet rule: generally some atoms like hydrogen, lithium, beryllium will lose, gain or share electrons to attain 2 valence electrons; the electronic configuration of the nearest noble element like helium.
Answer to Problem 3.18P
Explanation of Solution
The atomic number or number of electrons of
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 3 Solutions
Bundle: Introduction to General, Organic and Biochemistry, 11th + OWLv2, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- 2-51 What is the correlation between the group number of the main-group elements (those in the A columns of the Mendeleyev system) and the number of valence electrons in an element in the group?arrow_forward3-58 In Section 2-3B, we saw that there are seven diatomic elements. (a) Draw Lewis structures for each of these diatomic elements. (b) Which diatomic elements are gases at room temperature? Which are liquids? Which are solids?arrow_forward3-109 Until several years ago, the two chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) most widely used as heat transfer media in refrigeration systems were Freon-li (trichloro fluoromethane, CC13F) and Freon-12 (dichiorodi fluoromethane, CCl2F2). Draw a three-dimensional representation of each molecule and indicate the Direction of it.s polarity.arrow_forward
- 3-22 Why is Li- not a stable ion?arrow_forward3-66 Why can’t second-row elements have more than eight electrons in their valence shells? That is, why does the octet rule work for second-row elements?arrow_forward3-67 Why does nitrogen have three bonds and one unshared pair of electrons in covalent compounds?arrow_forward
- 2-98 Explain how the ionization energy of atoms changes when proceeding down a group of the Periodic Table and explain why this change occurs.arrow_forward2-64 Consider the elements B, C, and N. Using only the Periodic Table, predict which of these three elements has: (a) the largest atomic radius. (b) the smallest atomic radius. (c) the largest ionization energy (d) the smallest ionization energyarrow_forward3-87 Consider the molecule boron trffluoride, BF3. (a) Write a Lewis structure for BF3. (b) Predict the FBF bond angles using the VSEPR model. (c) Does BF3 have polar bonds? Is it a polar molecule?arrow_forward
- 2-97 Explain why the Ca3+ ion is not found in chemical compounds.arrow_forward3-25 Why are carbon and silicon reluctant to form ionic bonds?arrow_forward2-89 Assume that a new element has been discovered with atomic number 117. Its chemical properties should be similar to those of astatine (At). Predict whether the new element’s ionization energy will be greater than, the same as, or smaller than that of: (a)At (b)Raarrow_forward
- Introduction to General, Organic and BiochemistryChemistryISBN:9781285869759Author:Frederick A. Bettelheim, William H. Brown, Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Omar TorresPublisher:Cengage Learning