Concept explainers
(1)
Adjusting entries indicates those entries, which are passed in the books of accounts at the end of one accounting period. These entries are passed in the books of accounts as per the revenue recognition principle and the expenses recognition principle to adjust the revenue, and the expenses of a business in the period of their occurrence.
Adjusted
Adjusted trial balance is a trial balance prepared at the end of a financial period, after all the adjusting entries are journalized and posted. It is prepared to prove the equality of the total debit and credit balances.
Rule of Debit and Credit:
Debit - Increase in all assets, expenses & dividends, and decrease in all liabilities and
Credit - Increase in all liabilities and stockholders’ equity, and decrease in all assets & expenses.
To record: The adjusting entries on April 30, 2019, 2016 of CMO Company.
(1)
Explanation of Solution
a. The following entry shows the adjusting entry for supplies on April 30, 2019.
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
April 30, 2019 | Supplies Expense (1) | 5,820 | |
Supplies | 5,820 | ||
(To record the supplies expense at the end of the accounting period) |
Table (1)
The impact on the
- Supplies expense is a component of stockholders’ equity, and it decreased the stockholders’ equity by $5,820. So debit supplies expense by $5,820.
- Supplies are an asset for the business, and it is decreased by $5,820. So credit supplies by $5,820.
Working Note:
Calculation of fees earned for the accounting period
b. The following entry shows the adjusting entry for accrued fees unearned on April 30, 2019.
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
April 30, 2019 | Accounts Receivable | 3,900 | |
Fees earned | 3,900 | ||
(To record the accounts receivable at the end of the year.) |
Table (2)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Accounts Receivable is an asset, and it is increased by $3,900. So debit Accounts receivable by $3,900.
- Fees earned are component of stockholders’ equity and increased it by $3,900. So credit fees earned by $3,900.
c. The adjusting entry for recording
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
April 30, 2019 | Depreciation expense | 3,000 | |
Accumulated Depreciation | 3,000 | ||
(To record the depreciation on office equipment for the current year.) |
Table (3)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Depreciation expense is component of stockholders’ equity and decreased it, so debit depreciation expense by $3,000.
- Accumulated depreciation is a contra asset account, and it decreases the asset value by $3,000. So credit accumulated depreciation by $3,000.
d. The following entry shows the adjusting entry for wages expense on April 30, 2019.
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
April 30, 2019 | Wages expenses | 2,475 | |
Wages Payable | 2,475 | ||
(To record the wages accrued but not paid at the end of the accounting period.) |
Table (4)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Wages expense is a component of Stockholders ‘equity, and it decreased it by $2,475. So debit wage expense by $2,475.
- Wages Payable is a liability, and it is increased by $2,475. So credit wages payable by $2,475.
e. The following entry shows the adjusting entry for unearned fees on June 30.
Date | Account Titles and Explanation | Debit ($) | Credit ($) |
June 30 | Unearned Fees | 14,140 | |
Fees earned | 14,140 | ||
(To record the fees earned from services at the end of the accounting period.) |
Table (5)
The impact on the accounting equation for the above referred adjusting entry is as follows:
- Unearned fees are a liability, and it is decreased by $14,140. So debit unearned rent by $14,140.
- Fees earned are a component of Stockholders’ equity, and it is increased by $14,140. So credit rent revenue by $14,140.
(2)
The revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company before adjusting entries
(2)
Explanation of Solution
The revenues, expenses and net income before adjusting entries of CMO Company are stated below:
- Revenue = $305,800 (given)
- Expenses = $261,800 (2)
- Net income = $44,000 (3)
Working Notes:
1. Calculate the value of expenses before adjusting entries:
2. Calculate the value of net income before adjusting entries
Hence, the revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company are $305,800, $261,800 and $44,000 respectively.
(3)
The revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company after adjusting entries
(3)
Explanation of Solution
The revenues, expenses and net income after adjusting entries of CMO Company are stated below:
- Revenue = $323,840 (5)
- Expenses = $273,095 (4)
- Net income = $50,745 (6)
Working Notes:
1. Calculate the value of expenses after adjusting entries:
2. Calculate the value of revenue after adjusting entries
3. Calculate the value of net income after adjusting entries
Hence, the revenues, expenses and net income of CMO Company are $323,840, $273,095 and $50,745 respectively.
(4)
The effect of the adjusting entries on the capital of CMO Company.
(4)
Explanation of Solution
The capital of CMO Company will be increased by $10,745 after the adjusting entry.
Due to the adjusting entry there is an increase in the net income of $10,745
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Chapter 3 Solutions
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