CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE...-ALEKS 360
CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE...-ALEKS 360
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259916083
Author: SILBERBERG
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.48P
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The molecular formula of menthol (M=156.3 g/mol) that contains C, H, and O and form 0.449 g of carbon dioxide (CO2) and 0.184 g of water (H2O) on combustion of 0.1595 g of menthol is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

An empirical formula gives the simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element present in a molecule. The molecular formula tells the exact number of atoms of each element present in a molecule.

Following are the steps to determine the empirical formula of a compound when the masses of CO2 and H2O are given,

Step 1: One mole of CO2 gives one mole of carbon (C). Calculate the mass and moles of carbon in the original sample by using the mass of CO2 and molar masses of C and CO2. One mole of H2O gives two moles of hydrogen (H). Calculate the moles and mass of hydrogen in the original sample by using the mass of H2O and molar masses of H and H2O. The formula to calculate the moles of carbon in the sample when moles of CO2 is given is as follows:

Amount of C(mol)=(mass of CO2(g))(1 mol CO2 Mass of 1 mol CO2(g))(1 mol C1 mol CO2) (1)

The formula to calculate the mass of carbon in the sample is as follows:

Mass of C(g)=(Amount of C(mol))(Molar mass of C) (2)

The formula to calculate the moles of hydrogen in the sample when the mass of H2O is given is as follows:

Amount of H(mol)=(mass of H2O(g))(1 mol H2Mass of 1 molH2O(g))(2 mol H1 mol H2O) (3)

The formula to calculate the mass of hydrogen in the sample is as follows:

Mass of H(g)=(Amount of H(mol))(Molar mass of H) (4)

Step 2: If the sample contains any other element X, then calculate the mass of element X as follows:

Mass of element X(g)=Mass of sample(g)(mass of C+mass of H) (5)

Step 3: Divide mass of element X by its molar mass to convert the mass to moles. The formula to calculate moles from the mass is as follows:

Amount(mol)=(Given mass(g))(1 molNo. of grams) (6)

Step 4: The number of moles of the elements is the fractional amounts, thus, write the calculated amount (mol) of each element as the subscript of the element’s symbol to obtain a preliminary formula for the compound.

Step 5: Convert the moles of each element to the whole number subscripts. The steps for this math conversion are as follows:

(a) Each subscript is divided by the smallest subscript.

(b) If the whole number is not obtained after division, multiply the obtained subscripts by the smallest integer. This gives the empirical formula of the compound.

Step 6: Add the molar mass of each element multiplied by its number of atoms present in the empirical formula to obtain the empirical formula mass for the compound.

Step 7: Divide the molar mass of the compound by its empirical formula mass to obtain the whole number. The formula to calculate the whole number multiple is as follows:

Wholenumber multiple=Molar mass of compoundEmpirical formula mass (7)

Step 8: Multiply the whole number with the subscript of each element present in the empirical formula. This gives the molecular formula of the compound.

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Chapter 3 Solutions

CHEMISTRY:MOLECULAR NATURE...-ALEKS 360

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.6AFPCh. 3.1 - For many years, compounds known as...Ch. 3.1 - Use the information in Follow-up Problem 3.6A to...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.7BFPCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.8AFPCh. 3.2 - A sample of an unknown compound contains 6.80 mol...Ch. 3.2 - A sample of an unknown compound is found to...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.9BFPCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.10AFPCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.10BFPCh. 3.2 - A dry-cleaning solvent (ℳ = 146.99 g/mol) that...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.11BFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.12AFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.12BFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.13AFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.13BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.14AFPCh. 3.4 - The tarnish that forms on objects made of silver...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.15AFPCh. 3.4 - In the reaction that removes silver tarnish (see...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.16AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.16BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.17AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.17BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.18AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.18BFPCh. 3.4 - In the reaction in Follow-up Problem 3.18A, how...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.19BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.20AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.20BFPCh. 3.4 - Marble (calcium carbonate) reacts with...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.21BFPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.1PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2PCh. 3 - Why might the expression “1 mol of chlorine” be...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.4PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8PCh. 3 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.10PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.11PCh. 3 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Mass...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Amount...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.14PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.17PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.18PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19PCh. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass % of H in...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass % of I in...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass fraction of...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass fraction of...Ch. 3 - Oxygen is required for the metabolic combustion of...Ch. 3 - Cisplatin (right), or Platinol, is used in the...Ch. 3 - Allyl sulfide (below) gives garlic its...Ch. 3 - Iron reacts slowly with oxygen and water to form a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.28PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29PCh. 3 - The mineral galena is composed of lead(II) sulfide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.31PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.32PCh. 3 - List three ways compositional data may be given in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.34PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.38PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.39PCh. 3 - What is the molecular formula of each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.41PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.42PCh. 3 - Find the empirical formula of each of the...Ch. 3 - An oxide of nitrogen contains 30.45 mass % N. (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.45PCh. 3 - A sample of 0.600 mol of a metal M reacts...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.47PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.48PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.49PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.50PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.51PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.52PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.53PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.54PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.55PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.56PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.57PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.58PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.59PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.60PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.61PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.62PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.63PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.64PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.65PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.66PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.67PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.68PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.69PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.70PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.71PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.72PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.73PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.74PCh. 3 - Elemental phosphorus occurs as tetratomic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76PCh. 3 - Solid iodine trichloride is prepared in two steps:...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.78PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.79PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.80PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.81PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.82PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.83PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.84PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.85PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.86PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.87PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.88PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.89PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.90PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.91PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.92PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.93PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.94PCh. 3 - When 20.5 g of methane and 45.0 g of chlorine gas...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.96PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.97PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.98PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.99PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.100PCh. 3 - Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is used industrially in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.102PCh. 3 - The first sulfur-nitrogen compound was prepared in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.104PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.105PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.106PCh. 3 - Serotonin () transmits nerve impulses between...Ch. 3 - In 1961, scientists agreed that the atomic mass...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.109PCh. 3 - Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon used in the...Ch. 3 - The multistep smelting of ferric oxide to form...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.112PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.113PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.114PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.115PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.116PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.117PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.118PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.119PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.120PCh. 3 - For the reaction between solid tetraphosphorus...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.122PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.123PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.124PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.125PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.126PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.127PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.128PCh. 3 - Ferrocene, synthesized in 1951, was the first...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.130PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.131PCh. 3 - Citric acid (below) is concentrated in citrus...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.133PCh. 3 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with elemental oxygen to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.135PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.136PCh. 3 - Manganese is a key component of extremely hard...Ch. 3 - The human body excretes nitrogen in the form of...Ch. 3 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, C9H8O4) is made by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.140PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.141PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.142PCh. 3 - When powdered zinc is heated with sulfur, a...Ch. 3 - Cocaine (C17H21O4N) is a natural substance found...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.145P
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