Chapter 3, Problem 3.54P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The functional groups present in the given compound are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: In ball-and-stick model, each colored ball represents a specific atom and each stick represents a bond. In this model, each black ball represents $\text{C}$ atoms, each gray ball represents $\text{H}$ atoms, each blue ball represents $\text{N}$ atoms, and each red ball represents $\text{O}$ atoms.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The most acidic proton is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Functional groups containing a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters and acid chlorides. The polar $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic, while lone pairs on carbonyl oxygen make it a nucleophile and permit to react as a base and nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The most basic proton is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Functional groups containing a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters and acid chlorides. The polar $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic, while lone pairs on carbonyl oxygen make it a nucleophile and permit to react as a base and nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The intermolecular forces which are present between two molecules of fentanyl is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Functional groups containing a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters and acid chlorides. The polar $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic, while lone pairs on carbonyl oxygen make it a nucleophile and permit to react as a base and nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The isomer which has a higher boiling point is to be drawn.

Concept introduction: Functional groups containing a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters and acid chlorides. The polar $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic, while lone pairs on carbonyl oxygen make it a nucleophile and permit to react as a base and nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The sites which can hydrogen bond to water are to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Functional groups containing a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters and acid chlorides. The polar $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic, while lone pairs on carbonyl oxygen make it a nucleophile and permit to react as a base and nucleophile.

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The electrophilic carbons in the given compound are to be labeled.

Concept introduction: Functional groups containing a $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond are aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, amides, esters and acid chlorides. The polar $\text{C}=\text{O}$ bond makes the carbonyl carbon electrophilic, while lone pairs on carbonyl oxygen make it a nucleophile and permit to react as a base and nucleophile.