Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781259631757
Author: Martin Silberberg Dr., Patricia Amateis Professor
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 3, Problem 3.61P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following chemical equation is to be balanced.

_As4S6(s)+_O2(g)_As4O6(s)+_SO2(g)

Concept introduction:

Balancing is a hit and trial method where a smallest whole number coefficient is used. One element is balanced at a time on both side of the equation.

In a balanced chemical equation, the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation, thus, it obeyed the law of conservation of mass.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The chemical substances that undergo a change are termed as reactants and the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change are termed as products. The reactants are specified on the left side of the yield arrow while the products are specified on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjusting the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation. The table for the abbreviations used for each state is as follows:

StateAbbreviationSolidsLiquidlGasgAqueoussolutionaq

(a)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 3.61P

The balanced chemical equation is:

As4S6(s)+9O2(g)As4O6(s)+6SO2(g)

Explanation of Solution

The chemical equation to be balanced is:

_As4S6(s)+_O2(g)_As4O6(s)+_SO2(g)        (1)

The 6 S atoms in As4S6 on the left require a coefficient of 6 in front of SO2 on the right.

Rewrite the chemical equation (1):

_As4S6(s)+_O2(g)_As4O6(s)+6SO2(g)        (2)

The 18 O atoms on the right (6 in As4S6 and 12 in 6 SO2) require a coefficient of 9 in front of O2 on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (2):

_As4S6(s)+9O2(g)_As4O6(s)+6SO2(g)        (3)

There are 4 As atoms on each side. Rewrite the chemical equation (3):

As4S6(s)+9O2(g)As4O6(s)+6SO2(g)

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation is:

As4S6(s)+9O2(g)As4O6(s)+6SO2(g)

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following chemical equation is to be balanced.

_Ca3(PO4)2(s)+_SiO2(s)+_C(s)_P4(g)+_CaSiO3(l)+_CO(g)

Concept introduction:

Balancing is a hit and trial method where a smallest whole number coefficient is used. One element is balanced at a time on both side of the equation.

In a balanced chemical equation, the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation, thus, it obeyed the law of conservation of mass.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The chemical substances that undergo a change are termed as reactants and the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change are termed as products. The reactants are specified on the left side of the yield arrow while the products are specified on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjusting the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation. The table for the abbreviations used for each state is as follows:

StateAbbreviationSolidsLiquidlGasgAqueoussolutionaq

(b)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 3.61P

The balanced chemical equation is:

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+6SiO2(s)+10C(s)P4(g)+6CaSiO3(l)+10CO(g)

Explanation of Solution

The chemical equation to be balanced is:

_Ca3(PO4)2(s)+_SiO2(s)+_C(s)_P4(g)+_CaSiO3(l)+_CO(g)        (4)

The 4 P atoms in P4 on the left require a coefficient of 2 in front of Ca3(PO4)2 on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (4):

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+_SiO2(s)+_C(s)_P4(g)+_CaSiO3(l)+_CO(g)        (5)

The 6 Ca atoms in 2 Ca3(PO4)2 on the left require a coefficient of 6 in front of CaSiO3 on the right.

Rewrite the chemical equation (5):

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+_SiO2(s)+_C(s)_P4(g)+6CaSiO3(l)+_CO(g)        (6)

The 6 Si atoms in 6 CaSiO3 on the right require a coefficient of 6 in front of SiO2 on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (6):

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+6SiO2(s)+_C(s)_P4(g)+6CaSiO3(l)+_CO(g)        (7)

There are 28 O atoms on the left (16 in 2 Ca3(PO4)2 and 12 in 6 SiO2), there are 18 O atoms on the right in 6 CaSiO3. A coefficient of 10 in front of CO on the right requires a coefficient of 10 in front of C on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (7).

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+6SiO2(s)+10C(s)P4(g)+6CaSiO3(l)+10CO(g)

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation is:

2Ca3(PO4)2(s)+6SiO2(s)+10C(s)P4(g)+6CaSiO3(l)+10CO(g)

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following chemical equation is to be balanced.

_Fe(s) + _H2O(g)_Fe3O4(s)+_H2(g)

Concept introduction:

Balancing is a hit and trial method where a smallest whole number coefficient is used. One element is balanced at a time on both side of the equation.

In a balanced chemical equation, the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation, thus, it obeyed the law of conservation of mass.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The chemical substances that undergo a change are termed as reactants and the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change are termed as products. The reactants are specified on the left side of the yield arrow while the products are specified on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjusting the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation. The table for the abbreviations used for each state is as follows:

StateAbbreviationSolidsLiquidlGasgAqueoussolutionaq

(c)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 3.61P

The balanced chemical equation is:

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)Fe3O4(s)+4H2(g)

Explanation of Solution

The chemical equation to be balanced is:

_Fe(s) + _H2O(g)_Fe3O4(s)+_H2(g)        (8)

The 3 Fe atoms in Fe3O4 on the right require a coefficient of 3 in front of Fe on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (8):

3Fe(s) + _H2O(g)_Fe3O4(s)+_H2(g)        (9)

The 4 O atoms in Fe3O4 on the right require a coefficient of 4 in front of H2O on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (9):

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)_Fe3O4(s)+_H2(g)        (10)

The 8 H atoms on the left in 4 H2O require a coefficient of 4 in front of H2 on the right.

Rewrite the chemical equation (10):

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)Fe3O4(s)+4H2(g)

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation is:

3Fe(s) + 4H2O(g)Fe3O4(s)+4H2(g)

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following chemical equation is to be balanced.

_S2Cl2(l)+_NH3(g)_S4N4(s)+_S8(s)+_NH4Cl(s)

Concept introduction:

Balancing is a hit and trial method where a smallest whole number coefficient is used. One element is balanced at a time on both side of the equation.

In a balanced chemical equation, the total mass of reactants and products are equal in a balanced chemical equation, thus, it obeyed the law of conservation of mass.

Following are the steps to write a balanced chemical equation.

Step 1: Translate the chemical statement into a skeleton equation. The chemical substances that undergo a change are termed as reactants and the chemical substances that are produced during the chemical change are termed as products. The reactants are specified on the left side of the yield arrow while the products are specified on the right side of the yield arrow. Put a blank before each formula while beginning the balancing process.

Step 2: Identify the most complex substance and choose an element such that the element must be present only in one reactant and one product. Place the stoichiometric coefficient before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides.

Step 3: Balance the remaining atoms by placing the stoichiometric coefficients before the element(s) such that the number of atoms of that element(s) is the same on both sides. Identify the least complex substance and end with it.

Step 4: In a balanced chemical reaction, the smallest whole number coefficients are most preferred. Hence, adjusting the coefficients in such a way that the smallest whole number coefficients are obtained for each element.

Step 5: Check whether the chemical equation is balanced or not by counting the number of atoms of each element on both sides.

Step 6: Specify the states of matter of each chemical substance present in the balanced chemical equation. The table for the abbreviations used for each state is as follows:

StateAbbreviationSolidsLiquidlGasgAqueoussolutionaq

(d)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 3.61P

The balanced chemical equation is:

6S2Cl2(l)+16NH3(g)S4N4(s)+S8(s)+12NH4Cl(s)

Explanation of Solution

The chemical equation to be balanced is:

_S2Cl2(l)+_NH3(g)_S4N4(s)+_S8(s)+_NH4Cl(s)        (11)

The 12 S atoms on the right (4 in S4N4 and 8 in S8) require a coefficient of 6 in front of S2Cl2 on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (11):

6S2Cl2(l)+_NH3(g)_S4N4(s)+_S8(s)+_NH4Cl(s)        (12)

The 12 C atoms in 6 S2Cl2 on the left require a coefficient of 12 in front of NH4Cl on the right.

Rewrite the chemical equation (12):

6S2Cl2(l)+_NH3(g)_S4N4(s)+_S8(s)+12NH4Cl(s)        (13)

The 16 N atoms on the right (4 in S4N4 and 12 in NH4Cl) require a coefficient of 16 in front of NH3 on the left.

Rewrite the chemical equation (13):

6S2Cl2(l)+16NH3(g)S4N4(s)+S8(s)+12NH4Cl(s)

Conclusion

The balanced chemical equation is:

6S2Cl2(l)+16NH3(g)S4N4(s)+S8(s)+12NH4Cl(s)

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Chapter 3 Solutions

Chemistry: The Molecular Nature of Matter and Change

Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.6AFPCh. 3.1 - For many years, compounds known as...Ch. 3.1 - Use the information in Follow-up Problem 3.6A to...Ch. 3.1 - Prob. 3.7BFPCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.8AFPCh. 3.2 - A sample of an unknown compound contains 6.80 mol...Ch. 3.2 - A sample of an unknown compound is found to...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.9BFPCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.10AFPCh. 3.2 - Prob. 3.10BFPCh. 3.2 - A dry-cleaning solvent (ℳ = 146.99 g/mol) that...Ch. 3.2 - Prob. 3.11BFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.12AFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.12BFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.13AFPCh. 3.3 - Prob. 3.13BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.14AFPCh. 3.4 - The tarnish that forms on objects made of silver...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.15AFPCh. 3.4 - In the reaction that removes silver tarnish (see...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.16AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.16BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.17AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.17BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.18AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.18BFPCh. 3.4 - In the reaction in Follow-up Problem 3.18A, how...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.19BFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.20AFPCh. 3.4 - Prob. 3.20BFPCh. 3.4 - Marble (calcium carbonate) reacts with...Ch. 3.4 - Prob. 3.21BFPCh. 3 - Prob. 3.1PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.2PCh. 3 - Why might the expression “1 mol of chlorine” be...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.4PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.5PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.6PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.7PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.8PCh. 3 - Calculate the molar mass of each of the...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.10PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.11PCh. 3 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Mass...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following quantities: Amount...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.14PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.15PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.16PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.17PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.18PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.19PCh. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass % of H in...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass % of I in...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass fraction of...Ch. 3 - Calculate each of the following: Mass fraction of...Ch. 3 - Oxygen is required for the metabolic combustion of...Ch. 3 - Cisplatin (right), or Platinol, is used in the...Ch. 3 - Allyl sulfide (below) gives garlic its...Ch. 3 - Iron reacts slowly with oxygen and water to form a...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.28PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.29PCh. 3 - The mineral galena is composed of lead(II) sulfide...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.31PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.32PCh. 3 - List three ways compositional data may be given in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.34PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.35PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.36PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.37PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.38PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.39PCh. 3 - What is the molecular formula of each...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.41PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.42PCh. 3 - Find the empirical formula of each of the...Ch. 3 - An oxide of nitrogen contains 30.45 mass % N. (a)...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.45PCh. 3 - A sample of 0.600 mol of a metal M reacts...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.47PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.48PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.49PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.50PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.51PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.52PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.53PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.54PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.55PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.56PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.57PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.58PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.59PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.60PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.61PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.62PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.63PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.64PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.65PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.66PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.67PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.68PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.69PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.70PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.71PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.72PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.73PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.74PCh. 3 - Elemental phosphorus occurs as tetratomic...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.76PCh. 3 - Solid iodine trichloride is prepared in two steps:...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.78PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.79PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.80PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.81PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.82PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.83PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.84PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.85PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.86PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.87PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.88PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.89PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.90PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.91PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.92PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.93PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.94PCh. 3 - When 20.5 g of methane and 45.0 g of chlorine gas...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.96PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.97PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.98PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.99PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.100PCh. 3 - Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) is used industrially in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.102PCh. 3 - The first sulfur-nitrogen compound was prepared in...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.104PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.105PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.106PCh. 3 - Serotonin () transmits nerve impulses between...Ch. 3 - In 1961, scientists agreed that the atomic mass...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.109PCh. 3 - Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon used in the...Ch. 3 - The multistep smelting of ferric oxide to form...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.112PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.113PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.114PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.115PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.116PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.117PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.118PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.119PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.120PCh. 3 - For the reaction between solid tetraphosphorus...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.122PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.123PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.124PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.125PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.126PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.127PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.128PCh. 3 - Ferrocene, synthesized in 1951, was the first...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.130PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.131PCh. 3 - Citric acid (below) is concentrated in citrus...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.133PCh. 3 - Nitrogen monoxide reacts with elemental oxygen to...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.135PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.136PCh. 3 - Manganese is a key component of extremely hard...Ch. 3 - The human body excretes nitrogen in the form of...Ch. 3 - Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, C9H8O4) is made by...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.140PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.141PCh. 3 - Prob. 3.142PCh. 3 - When powdered zinc is heated with sulfur, a...Ch. 3 - Cocaine (C17H21O4N) is a natural substance found...Ch. 3 - Prob. 3.145P
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