Each reaction has to be balanced and completed, and the suitable solvent among the given solvents is to be selected for each reaction. Concept introduction: Protic solvents form hydrogen bonds. They contain a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, whereas aprotic solvents do not form hydrogen bonds. Protic solvents donate protons to reagents and aprotic solvents cannot donate hydrogen. The strength of an acid is generally described in terms of acidity constant ( K a ) and p K a values. A large value of K a indicates that the acid is strong and a small value of K a indicates a weak acid. The value of p K a of a reagent can be mathematical defined as: p K a = − log( K a ) , The higher is the dissolution constant, that is, the reagent can produce more ions when dissolved in water, the stronger is the acid. Thus, by the above relation, strong acids have low p K a . The stronger the acid, the weaker is its conjugate base. Larger the value of p K a of the conjugate base, the stronger is the acid.

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 3, Problem 45P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Each reaction has to be balanced and completed, and the suitable solvent among the given solvents is to be selected for each reaction.

Concept introduction:

Protic solvents form hydrogen bonds. They contain a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, whereas aprotic solvents do not form hydrogen bonds.

Protic solvents donate protons to reagents and aprotic solvents cannot donate hydrogen.

The strength of an acid is generally described in terms of acidity constant (Ka) and pKa values.

A large value of Ka indicates that the acid is strong and a small value of Ka indicates a weak acid.

The value of pK_a of a reagent can be mathematical defined as:

pKa= −log(Ka) ,

The higher is the dissolution constant, that is, the reagent can produce more ions when dissolved in water, the stronger is the acid. Thus, by the above relation, strong acids have low pK_a.

The stronger the acid, the weaker is its conjugate base.

Larger the value of pK_a of the conjugate base, the stronger is the acid.

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

85. Propane, C3H8, is a hydrocarbon that is commonly used as a fuel. (a) Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of propane gas. (b) Calculate the volume of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atmosphere that is needed to completely combust 25.0 grams of propane. Assume that air is 21.0 percent O2 by volume. (Hint: We will see how to do this calculation in a later chapter on gases—for now use the information that 1.00 L of air at 25 °C and 1.00 atm contains 0.275 g of O2 per liter.) (c) The heat of combustion of propane is −2,219.2 kJ/mol. Calculate the heat of formation, ΔH∘fΔHf° of propane given that ΔH∘fΔHf° of H2O(l) = −285.8 kJ/mol and ΔH∘fΔHf° of CO2(g) = −393.5 kJ/mol. (d) Assuming that all of the heat released in burning 25.0 grams of propane is transferred to 4.00 kilograms of water, calculate the increase in temperature of the water.

(a) When the metallic element sodium combines with the nonmetallic element bromine, Br2(l), how can you determine the chemical formula of the product? How do you know whether the product is a solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature? Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction. (b) When a hydrocarbon burns in air, what reactant besides the hydrocarbon is involved in the reaction? What products are formed? Write a balanced chemical equation for the combustion of benzene C6H6(l), in air.

Write the molecular equation for the reaction of CH3COOH and NaOH. Write the net ionic equation for the reaction of CH3COOH and NaOH.