Biological Science (7th Edition)
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780134678320
Author: Scott Freeman, Kim Quillin, Lizabeth Allison, Michael Black, Greg Podgorski, Emily Taylor, Jeff Carmichael
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 3, Problem 6TYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The mechanism used by molecular chaperones to facilitate protein folding in many different polypeptides, each with their own specific shape.
Introduction:
The molecular chaperones are a large family of highly conserved proteins that help in covalent folding or unfolding of proteins.
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The amide hydrogen atoms of peptide bonds within proteins can exchange with protons in the solvent. In general, amide hydrogen atoms in buried regions of proteins and protein complexes exchange more slowly than those on the solvent-accessible surface do. Determination of these rates can be used to explore the proteinfolding reaction, probe the tertiary structure of proteins, and identify the regions of protein–protein interfaces. These exchange reactions can be followed by studying the behavior of the protein in solvent that has been labeled with deuterium ( ²H), a stable isotope of hydrogen. What two methods described in this chapter could be readily applied to the study of hydrogen– deuterium exchange rates in proteins?
Explain how these mechanisms affect protein diversity.
Describe the general structure of a type 2 alpha helix protein. Explain how type 2 alpha helix transmembrane domains can be used to form pathways for large polar and charged molecules to traverse the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane.
Chapter 3 Solutions
Biological Science (7th Edition)
Ch. 3 - 1. What two functional groups are bound to the...Ch. 3 - What type of information is used to direct...Ch. 3 - Prob. 5TYUCh. 3 - Prob. 6TYUCh. 3 - 7. Why are proteins not considered to be a good...Ch. 3 - Prob. 9TYPSSCh. 3 - Prob. 12PIATCh. 3 - Prob. 13PIATCh. 3 - Recall that proline often introduces kinks in the...Ch. 3 - SOCIETY Based on the experiment in question 15,...
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- The elegance and importance of proper protein folding and assembly cannot be overstated. Simple electrostatic interactions are fully responsible for long peptide chains becoming giant, globular, functional proteins. Research and discuss two examples of improper protein folding. What is the cause of each malformed protein? What is the consequence of this deformity? What are potential treatment options, and how do they address and remedy the problem?arrow_forwardConsider a short peptide that forms an alpha-helix within a larger protein structure. Suppose that one glutamate residue at some specific position in the helix were mutated to a leucine residue. The mutation could either make the helix more stable, or less stable. i) Describe two situations in which a Glu-to-Leu mutation could make the helix more stable. ii) Describe two situations in which the Glu-to-Leu mutation could make the helix less stable. Explain briefly the basis for the stabilizing and destabilizing effect in all cases.arrow_forwardExploring the nuanced landscape of protein dynamics, could you elaborate on noteworthy post-translational modifications (PTMs)? I'm interested in understanding specific examples of PTMs and gaining insights into their functional mechanisms. This inquiry delves into the intricate aspects of protein modulation within a biological context."arrow_forward
- When sequencing proteins, one tries to generate overlapping peptides by using cleavages at specific sites. Which of the following statements about cleavages caused by particular chemicals or enzymes are true? Cyanogen bromide cleaves at the carboxyl side of threonine. Chymotrypsin cleaves at the carboxyl side of aromatic amino acids. Trypsin cleaves at the carboxyl side of Lys and Arg. Chymotrypsin cleaves at the carboxyl side of aspartate and glutamate.arrow_forwardDescribe the typical principles used to identify topogenic sequences within proteins and how these principles can be used to develop computer algorithms. How does the identification of topogenic sequences lead to prediction of the membrane arrangement of a multipass protein?arrow_forwardDifferentiate between a conserved hypothetical protein and a putative protein of unknown functionarrow_forward
- Which is/are NOT true of protein isoforms? They are related in structure and function. B) They have identical base sequence. (c) they are the result of alternative splicing They have variable amino acid sequencearrow_forwardDiscuss the general structure of the carrier proteins within our cells. Describe how theirstructure allows function.arrow_forwardCompare primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structures of proteinarrow_forward
- What is the concept of FoldIt protein folding game, and how is it used to elucidate and visualize protein structures?arrow_forwardImagine a globular protein with a histidine that is involved in a salt bridge to an aspartic acid, in an internal (hydrophobic) region of the protein. What would happen to the pKa of that histidine R group if the protein was mutated, and the aspartic acid was replaced with an alanine? (i.e., would the pKa increase, decrease, or stay the same?). Assume that the location of the histidine stays the same. Explain your answer clearlyarrow_forwardExplain Modular nature of protein domains.arrow_forward
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Biomolecules - Protein - Amino acids; Author: Tutorials Point (India) Ltd.;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySNVPDHJ0ek;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY