College Physics
College Physics
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305952300
Author: Raymond A. Serway, Chris Vuille
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 30, Problem 14P

(a)

To determine

The energy released in Joules in proton-proton cycle fusion reaction.

(b)

To determine

The number of proton-proton cycles occurring per second in the Sun.

(c)

To determine

The change in the Sun’s mass each second.

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When gasoline is burned, it releases 1.3 x 108 J of energy per gallon (3.788 L). Given that the density of gasoline is 737 kg/m3 , express the quantity of energy released in J/g of fuel. (b) During fission, when a neutron is absorbed by a 235 U nucleus, about 200 MeV of energy is released for each nucleus that undergoes fission. Express this quantity in J/g of fuel. (c) In the proton-proton chain that takes place in stars like our sun, the overall fusion reaction can be summarized as six protons fusing to form one 4 He nucleus with two leftover protons and the liberation of 26.7 MeV of energy. The fuel is the six protons. Express the energy produced here in units of J/g of fuel. Notice the huge difference between the two forms of nuclear energy, on the one hand, and the chemical energy from gasoline, on the other. (d) Our sun produces energy at a measured rate of 3.86 x 1026 W. If its mass of 1.99 x 1030 kg were all gasoline, how long could it last before consuming all its fuel?
In a fission process in which 235U235U is struck by a neutron and undergoes fission to produce144Ba, 89Kr, and three neutrons. The measured masses of these isotopes are 235.043930 u (235U), 143.922953 u (144Ba), 88.917630 u (89Kr), and 1.0086649 u (neutron). A) Calculate the energy (in MeV) released by each fission reaction. Express your answer in megaelectronvolts.   B) Calculate the energy released per gram of 235U, in MeV/g. Express your answer in megaelectronvolts per gram.
The fusion reaction releases 3.27 MeV of energy. If a fusion reactor operates strictly on the basis of this reaction, (a) how much energy could it produce by completely reacting 1 kg of deuterium? (b) At eight cents a kilowatt-hour, how much would the produced energy be worth? (c) Heavy water (D2O) costs about $300 per kilogram. Neglecting the cost of separating the deuterium from the oxygen via electrolysis, how much does 1 kg of deuterium cost, if derived from D2O? (d) Would it be cost-effective to use deuterium as a source of energy? Discuss, assuming the cost of energy production is nine-tenths the value of energy produced
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