Concept explainers
Introduction: In an ecosystem, large number of microbes like bacteria, virus, and fungi are present. Such microbes can be beneficial or harmful. Microbes are not only limited to the human body, but they are also present throughout the biosphere.
Answer to Problem 1TY
Correct answer: In a defined environment, many specific species of microbes are assembled. Such specific assemblage of microbes in an environment is referred to as a microbiome. Hence, the correct answer is option c.
Explanation of Solution
Reason for correct answer:
A microbiome refers to many species of microbes with their genes assembled in an environment. For example, in the human body, there are so many species of microbes playing important roles in the human health. The microbiota inside the human body is known as the human microbiome. Similar to the human microbiome, plants and animal microbiomes are also beneficial to them.
Option c. is given as “a particular assemblage of microbes (including their genes) that occurs in a defined environment”.
A microbiome is formed when many microorganisms are assembled in an environment. Within an organism, they may provide health benefits. Hence, the correct answer is option c.
Reasons for incorrect answers:
Option a. is given as, “an interaction between two different species of microorganisms”.
A microbiome does not refer to the interaction between the two species of a microorganism. It is formed when many microorganisms are assembled in an environment. Hence, option a. is incorrect.
Option b. is given as, “an environment that is microscopic”.
Microbiomes can be microscopic, but not every microscopic environment is a microbiome. Hence, option b. is incorrect.
Option d. is given as, “the entire genetic makeup of a particular microorganism”.
The entire genetic makeup of a particular microorganism can be considered as the genome. Microbiomes include several microorganisms in a defined environment along with their genetic material. Hence, option d. is incorrect.
Option e. is given as, “both a and d”.
A microbiome does not refer to the interaction between the two species of a microorganism. Microbiomes include several microorganisms in a defined environment along with their genetic material. Hence, option e. is incorrect.
Hence, the options a., b., d., and e. are incorrect.
Thus, a microbiome is a particular assemblage of microbes (including their genes) in a defined environment.
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Chapter 30 Solutions
BIOLOGY: TULANE CUSTOM
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- Which of the following factors in today’s world make it dif-ficult to keep disease-causing microorganisms in check from ahealth point of view?(a) Lack of a balanced distribution of wealth(b) Increased and quick world travel(c) Encroachment of humans into virgin jungles(d) Antibiotic-resistant bacteria(e) All of the abovearrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is incorrect? a. Mucosal surfaces are better than skin surfaces at supporting colonization by commensal microorganisms. b. The skin provides a larger surface area than mucosal surfaces for commensal microorganisms. c. There are ten times as many bacteria residing in the intestinal tract than the number of cells in the human body. d. It is common for commensal bacteria to live in symbiosis with their human hosts. e. During gestation in mammals, a fetus does not have any commensal microorganisms on their skin or mucosal surfaces.arrow_forwardNormal microbiota provide protection from infection in each of the following ways EXCEPT: Question 3 options: A) they produce antibacterial chemicals. B) they compete with pathogens for nutrients. C) they make the chemical environment unsuitable for nonresident bacteria. D) they produce lysozyme.arrow_forward
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- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion . Which of the following statement is INCORRECT? A. Zoonotic diseases are diseases transmitted from animals to humans B. One source of antibiotic-resistance genes is the original antibiotic-producing organisms themselves. C. Nosocomial diseases are diseases one acquires while staying in a healthcare facility. D. A virus with a high LD50 is likely to spread rapidly and become pandemic.arrow_forwardThe first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch's postulates is to A.isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals. B. culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium. C. inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal. D. obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal.arrow_forwardAn infectious dose of several million cells in enteric infections seems like a lot. a. In terms of the size and abundance of microbes, could you see a cluster containing that many cells with the naked eye? b. About how long would it take an average bacterial species to reach the infectious dose of a million cells starting from a single cell? c. Why do enteric diseases require a relatively higher infectious dose than nonenteric diseases? d. Explain why antimicrobic therapy used on gram-negative bacterial infections could actually lead to illness rather than cure itarrow_forward
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