Pearson eText for College Physics: Explore and Apply -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Pearson eText for College Physics: Explore and Apply -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780137443000
Author: Eugenia Etkina, Gorazd Planinsic
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 30, Problem 7CQ
To determine

The reason for the fact that neutrinos are not easily detected even though billions of them pass through every square centimeter of our body every second.

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The power output of the Sun is 4 × 1026 W. Part (a)  If 93 % of this is supplied by the proton-proton cycle, how many protons are consumed per second?   Part (b)  How many neutrinos per second should be incident on every square meter of the Earth from this process? This huge number is indicative of how rarely a neutrino interacts, since large detectors observe very few per day.
The probability of two protons tunneling in the Sun's core is Ptunnel 1010. This means that out of each 1010 pairs of protons, one pair tunnels successfully. Make an estimate showing that this probability can account for the 1038 fusion reactions that take place each second in the Sun's core. Hint: Assume that the Sun's core contains about 40% of its mass.
We saw that, on Earth, the number flux of solar neutrinos from the p-p chain is 6.7E10 s-1 cm-2. Other nuclear reactions in the Sun supplement this neutrino flux with a small additional flux of higher-energy neutrinos. A neutrino detector in Japan, named Super Kamiokande, consists of a tank of 50kton of water, surrounded by photomultiplier tubes. The tubes detect the flash of Cerenkov radiation emitted by a recoiling electron when a high-energy neutrino scatters on it. Calculate the detection rate for neutrino scattering in events per day, if 10-6 of the solar neutrinos have a high enough energy to be detected by this experiment, and each electron poses a scattering cross section=10-43 cm. Hint: Consider the density of neutrino targets "seen" by an individual electron, with a relative velocity of c between the neutrinos and the electron, to obtain the rate at which one electron interacts with the incoming neutrinos, and multiply by the total number of electrons (I've already done this:…

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Pearson eText for College Physics: Explore and Apply -- Instant Access (Pearson+)

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