New Masteringbiology With Pearson Etext -- Valuepack Access Card -- For Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780321946591
Author: Reece, Jane B., Taylor, Martha R., SIMON, Eric J., DICKEY, Jean L., Hogan, Kelly A.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 30, Problem 9TYK
Muscle A and muscle B have the same number of fibers, but muscle A is capable of more precise control than muscle B. Which of the following is likely to be true of muscle A? (Explain your answer.)
a. It is controlled by more neurons than muscle B.
b. It contains fewer motor units than muscle B.
c. It is controlled by fewer neurons than muscle B.
d. It has larger sarcomeres than muscle B.
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To demonstrate muscle fatigue, a student held an 8 lb dumbbell in her hand and abducted her arm parallel to the floor. After 45 seconds, she has having difficulty holding that position so she rotated her hand 90 degrees. This allowed her to hold the dumbbell in position for an additional 20 seconds. Which of the following is the best explanation for this?
A.
Different motor units were contracting while others were relaxing.
B.
Muscles began to contract isotonically rather than isometrically.
C.
The load was reduced.
D.
The resistance to contraction was reduced.
E.
The change in position provided a greater range of motion at the shoulder.
When a higher voltage is applied to the skeletal muscle, the force of contraction _____ and recruitment of more motor units occurs called ________ summation.
A. increases, spatial
B. increases, temporal
C. decreases, temporal
D. decreases, spatial
Which of the following would be recruited in a muscle stimulation when contractile strength increases?
A) Many small motor units with the ability to stimulate other motor units
B) Motor units with the longest muscle fibers
C) Motor units with larger, less excitable neurons
D) Large motor units with small, highly excitable endurance
Chapter 30 Solutions
New Masteringbiology With Pearson Etext -- Valuepack Access Card -- For Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections
Ch. 30 - Complete this concept map on animal movement.Ch. 30 - A humans internal organs are protected mainly by...Ch. 30 - Arm muscles and leg muscles are arranged in...Ch. 30 - Gravity would have the least effect on the...Ch. 30 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 30 - When a dog is running fast, its body position is...Ch. 30 - What is the role of calcium in muscle contraction?...Ch. 30 - Muscle A and muscle B have the same number of...Ch. 30 - Prob. 10TYK
Ch. 30 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 30 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 30 - Describe how you bend your arm, starting with...Ch. 30 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 30 - Drugs are often used to relax muscles during...Ch. 30 - An earthworms body consists of a number of...Ch. 30 - When a person dies, muscles become rigid and fixed...Ch. 30 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING Imagine you have a friend who...
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- A bacterial toxin is known to block the release of ACh at the motor end plate of skeletal muscle. Consequently, a. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing force. b. the skeletal muscle contracts with increasing frequency. c. the ability to stimulate the muscle is impaired. d. other neurotransmitters would stimulate the muscle.arrow_forwardThe figure below shows the muscle tension (Y axis) following the application of stimuli to the muscle fiber. The pink arrows on the bottom symbolize stimuli to the muscle cell. The best explanation that the tension of the contraction in panel 4 is larger than other panels is because: A. More motor units are recruited B. More muscles are contracting C. The duration of the stimuli is longer D. The frequency of the stimuli is greaterarrow_forwardGraph A in this diagram represents A) summation and tetanus of a smooth muscle fibre. C) a simple skeletal muscle twitch c) summation and tetanus of a skeletal muscle fibre. D)simple smooth muscle twitch.arrow_forward
- Which of the following causes ( the state of ) rigor in skeletal muscle ?a) lack of atp b) decrease of intracellular ca2plus c) increase in intracellular ca2+ d) lack of action potential in motor neuronsarrow_forwardDischarge from muscle spindles could be increased by all the following, except :-a- increased α-motor neuron dischargeb- increased γ-motor neuron dischargec- stretch of the intrafusal muscle fibersd- stretch of the extrafusal muscle fibersarrow_forwarda. Describe the relationship between stimulus voltage and the force of contraction b. What was the smallest voltage required to produce a contraction (the threshold voltage)? What proportion of the fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this small response? c. What do you conclude happened to the number of fibers contracting as the voltage was raised from threshold to that required to produce a maximal contraction?arrow_forward
- Which role do gamma (γ) motor neurons play in the function of a muscle spindle? Select one: a. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating intrafusal fibers b. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating intrafusal fibers c. They coordinate the contraction of extrafusal and intrafusal fibers d. They improve the accuracy of the reported sensory information by innervating extrafusal fibers e. They enhance the force of muscle contraction by innervating extrafusal fibersarrow_forwardIf a muscle cell had very short T-tubules, how much tension would the muscle fiber create, relative to a normal muscle fiber? Assume sarcoplasmic reticulum can still react to activity at the neuromuscular junction. a)Less tension would be created. b) No difference in tension creation. c) More tension would be created. d) No tension would be created.arrow_forwardThe fast fatigable motor units are used predominantly for which of the following activities? a. The action potentials fired by alpha motor neurons become slower. b. Slow twitch muscle fibers show increased myosin ATPase. c. Fast fatigable motor units are recruited before slow twitch motor units. d. None of the answers. e.All of the answers.arrow_forward
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