The optimal number of sheet.
Answer to Problem 59P
The optimal number of sheets is
Explanation of Solution
Formula used:
The expression for intensity is given by,
Calculation:
The intensity for
For the ideal polarizer,
For the real polarizer,
So, the percent transmission is given by,
The values of
For ideal polarizer | Percent transmission | Real polarizer | |
|
| ||
Table 1
The graph of intensity of transmitted light as a function of
Figure 1
The inspection of the graph gives the optimal number of sheets
Conclusion:
Therefore, the optimal number of sheets is
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 31 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
- If a polarizing filter reduces the intensity of polarized light to 50.0% of its original value, by how much are the electric and magnetic fields reduced?arrow_forwardIf you have completely polarized light of intensity 150 W/m2 , what will its intensity be after passing through a polarizing filter with its axis at an 89.0 angle to the light’s polarization direction?arrow_forwardTwo polarizing sheets P1 and P2 are placed together with their transmission axes oriented at an angle to each other. What is when only 25% of the maximum transmitted light intensity passes through them?arrow_forward
- What is the physical significance of the Poynting vector?arrow_forwardTo save money on making military aircraft invisible to radar, an inventor decides to coat them with a nonreflective material having an index of refraction of 1.20, which is between that of air and the surface of the plane. This, he reasons, should be much cheaper than designing Stealth bombers. (a) What thickness should the coating be to inhibit the reflection of 4.00-cm wavelength radar? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forwardA linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50 cm is directed along the positive x axis. The electric field vector has a maximum value of 175 V/m and vibrates in the xy plane. Assuming the magnetic field component of the wave can be written in the form B = Bmax sin (kx t), give values for (a) Bmax, (b) k, and (c) . (d) Determine in which plane the magnetic field vector vibrates. (e) Calculate the average value of the Poynting vector for this wave. (f) If this wave were directed at normal incidence onto a perfectly reflecting sheet, what radiation pressure would it exert? (g) What acceleration would be imparted to a 500-g sheet (perfectly reflecting and at normal incidence) with dimensions of 1.00 m 0.750 m?arrow_forward
- Show that if you have three polarizing filters, with the second at an angle of 45.0to the first and at third at an angle of 90.0to the first, the intensity of light passed by the first will be reduced to 25.0% of its value. (This is in contrast to having only the first and third, which reduces the intensity to zero, so that placing the second between them increases the intensity of the transmitted light.)arrow_forwardAn unpolarized beam of light is incident on a stack of ideal polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is perpendicular to the axis of the last filter in the stack. Find the fraction by which the transmitted beams intensity is reduced in the three following cases. (a) Three filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 45.0 relative to the preceding filter. (b) Four filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 30.0 relative to the preceding filter. (c) Seven filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 15.0 relative to the preceding filter. (d) Comment on comparing the answers to parts (a), (b), and (c).arrow_forwardA beam of unpolarized light of intensity 4.04E3 W/m2 passes through a series of ideal polarizing filters with their polarizing directions turned to various angles as shown in the figure. If the middle polarizer is removed, what is the light intensity at point C (in W/m2)?arrow_forward
- In the figure, initially unpolarized light is sent into a system of three polarizing sheets whose polarizing directions make angles of θ1 = 55°, θ2 = 19°, and θ3 = 47° with the direction of the y axis. What percentage of the light's initial intensity is transmitted by the system?arrow_forwardAn unpolarized beam of light (intensity I0) is moving in the x-direction. The light passes through three ideal polarizers whose transmission axes are (in order) at angles 0.0°, 48.0°, and 22.0° counterclockwise from the y-axis in the yz-plane. If the polarizer in the middle is removed, what is the intensity and polarization of the light transmitted by the last polarizer?arrow_forwardIf a light beam of intensity I0 that is linearly polarized along the +z-axis is incident on P1, what is the intensity of the transmitted light after it passes through all the polarizers?arrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStaxPhysics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning