Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781285427812
Author: Cecie Starr, Christine Evers, Lisa Starr
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 32, Problem 10SQ
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
The muscle movement is an active process. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is called the energy currency of the body. It is essential during muscle contraction. The phosphorylation of ATP into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) provides energy for the muscle movement.
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Muscle fibers that have a high number of mitochondria, contain largeamounts of myoglobin, and exhibit low rates of ATP hydrolysis arecalled __________ fibers.a. slow-glycolyticb. fast-glycolyticc. intermediated. fast-oxidativee. slow-oxidative
Muscle relaxation occurs when ________. a. calcium ions are actively transported out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum b. calcium ions diffuse out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum c. calcium ions are actively transported into the sarcoplasmic reticulum d. calcium ions diffuse into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
At low intracellular Ca2+ concentration, _________________ the active sites on the thin actin filament.
a. troponin blocks
b. troponin exposes
c. tropomyosin blocks
d. tropomyosin exposes
e. a and c
Chapter 32 Solutions
Biology: Concepts and Applications (MindTap Course List)
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- Muscle fatigue is caused by ________. a. buildup of ATP and lactic acid levels b. exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of lactic acid levels c. buildup of ATP and pyruvic acid levels d. exhaustion of energy reserves and buildup of pyruvic acid levelsarrow_forwardMuscles generate heat. Which muscle type is responsible for generating most of the heat in the body? a. cardiac muscles b. skeletal muscles c. smooth muscles d. all of the above e. none of the above __________ is a feature of smooth muscles that describes their ability divide and increase their numbers. a. Hypertrophy b. Hyperplasia c. Length-tension relationship d. Stress-relaxation response e. a and barrow_forward. Injection of C. botulinum toxin (Botox)______ . a. causes irreversible muscle contraction b. stimulates formation of ATP from ADP c. prevents release of ACh by motor neurons d. blocks the actin binding site of myosinarrow_forward
- Simone Biles, the Olympic Champion in gymnastics, does an insane amount of anaerobic exercise. She would likely have a greater proportion of _________ muscle fibers compared to a world class marathon runner. A. Type VX B. Type XX C. Type II D. Type Iarrow_forwardburst of Calchu musc res an ldum Which of the following is true concerning the role of Calcium in the contraction of muscle- cells? 20. A. skeletal muscle cells require a burst of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. B. smooth muscle cells require a burst of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. C. cardiac muscle cells require a burst of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. D. All of the above are correct. to an ent. response to an ertraceil m-currentarrow_forwardIf cardiac muscle cells were prevented from undergoing aerobic metabolism, they ultimately would ________.a. undergo glycolysisb. synthesize ATPc. stop contractingd. start contractingarrow_forward
- Myoglobin .... a.is a protein involved in the direct phosphorylation of ADP b.breaks down glycogen c.produces the end plate potential d.stores oxygen in muscle cellsarrow_forwardThe energy for muscle contraction is most directly obtained from a.phosphocreatine. b.ATP. c.anaerobic respiration. d.aerobic respiration.arrow_forwardDuring muscle contraction, calicum ions bind to A. Actin Filaments B. Tropomyosin C. Troponin D. Myosin Filamentsarrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT a stock form of the key molecules for energy generation in muscle? A. Creatine phosphate B. Hemoglobin C. Glycogen D. Myoglobinarrow_forwardThe mechanism of muscle contraction is best explained by the sliding filament model. According to this model, thin ___i___ filaments slide over thick ___ii___ filaments.The statement given above is completed by information in row Row i ii A. myosin actin B. myosin myosin C. actin actin D. actin myosinarrow_forwardIn muscle contraction, when nervous stimulation ___, it causes Ca2+ to be ___ the sarcoplasmic reticulum. a. stops; pumped back to b. begins; pumped from c. stops; pumped from d. a and b e. b and carrow_forward
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