Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The spheres which represented the S and S2- should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
There are two types of ions said to be cations and anions.
The positively charged ions formed by loss of electrons is said to be cations whereas the negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons is said to be anions.
Adding electrons to an atom increase its size. Removing electrons from atom reduce it size.
(b)
Interpretation:
The spheres which represented the Li and Li+ should be determined.
Concept Introduction:
There are two types of ions said to be cations and anions.
The positively charged ions formed by loss of electrons is said to be cations whereas the negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons is said to be anions.
Adding electrons to an atom increase its size. Removing electrons from atom reduce it size.
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Chapter 3 Solutions
CONNECT IA GENERAL ORGANIC&BIO CHEMISTRY
- 10 (c) An element T has a melting point of 30°C and a boiling point of 2440 °C. It conducts electricity at room temperature. It burns in oxygen to form an oxide with formula T₂O₂ which can react with both acids and bases. T also forms a compound with fluorine, which has a high melting point and conducts electricity in molten form. The approximate relative atomic mass of T is 70. (1) What type of oxide is T,O,? (i) Give two properties that indicate that T is probably a metal. 1. 2 (iii) Predict the formula for the fluoride of T E [1] [2] N [1] (iv) What are the products of the electrolysis of the molten fluoride of using inert electrodes? and (v) In which group and period of the Periodic Table will T be placed? group period 21 2) (vi) Write the symbol of the element in the Periodic Table which most closely resembles T.arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) Mendeleyev discovered that when elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic weight, certain sets of properties recur periodically.(b) Main-group elements are those in the columns 3A to 8A of the Periodic Table.(c) Nonmet.als are found at the top of the Periodic Table, metalloids in the middle, and metals at the bottom.(d) Among the US known elements,there are approximately equal numbers of metals and non metals.(e) A horizontal row in the Periodic Table is called a group.(f) The Group LA elements are called the "alkali metals"(g) The alkali metals react with water to give hydrogen gas and a metalhydroxide, MOH, where "M' is the metal."(h) The halogens are Group 7A elements.(i) The boiling points of noble gases (Group SA elements) increase goingfrom top to bottom of the column.arrow_forwardHypothetical elements X and Y form a molecule XY2, inwhich both Y atoms are bonded to atom X (and not to oneanother). The X—X distance in the elemental form of X is2.04 Å, and the Y—Y distance in elemental Y is 1.68 Å. Whatwould you predict for the X—Y distance in the XY2 molecule?(a) 0.84 Å (b) 1.02 Å (c) 1.86 Å (d) 2.70 Å (e) 3.72 Åarrow_forward
- (a) Atoms are very small compared to objects on the macroscopic scale. The radius of a vanadium atom is 131 pm. What is this value in meters and in centimeters? cm (b) The mass of a single vanadium atom is 8.46×10-23 g. Suppose enough V atoms were lined up like beads on a string to span a distance of 44.7 cm ( 18 atoms inches). How many atoms would be required? What mass in grams of V would be used? Could you weigh out this amount of vanadium using a typical laboratory balance? (c) Taking the density of vanadium metal to be 6.08 g/cm³, calculate the mass of metal needed to form a piece of V wire with the same length as the distance in b, but with a diameter of 1.00 mm. Hint: The volume of a cylinder is T times its radius squared times its height. (V = T r² h) How many vanadium atoms does this represent? atomsarrow_forwardFill in the blanks:(a) The symbol and atomic number of the heaviest nonradioac-tive noble gas are __and__ .(b) The symbol and group number of the Period 5 transition ele-ment whose atoms have the fewest protons are __ and __ .(c) The elements in Group 6A(16) are sometimes called thechalcogens.The symbol and atomic number of the first metallicchalcogen are__ and __ .(d) The symbol and number of protons of the Period 4 alkalimetal atom are __and __.arrow_forward(a) Are the elements calcium, barium, and radium in the same group or same period in the periodic table? (b) Are the elements rhodium, cadmium, and tin in the same group or period?arrow_forward
- (a) Calculate the number of electrons in a small, electrically neutral silver pin that has a mass of 9.0 g. Silver has 47 electrons per atom, and its molar mass is 107.87 g/mol. (b) Imagine adding electrons to the pin until the negative charge has the very large value 1.00 mC. How many electrons are added for every 10 electrons already present?arrow_forwardIn Example 2-1, we established that the mass ratio of magnesium to magnesium oxide is 0.455 g magnesium/ 0.755 g magnesium oxide.(a) What is the ratio of oxygen to magnesium oxide, by mass? (b) What is the mass ratio of oxygen to magnesium in magnesium oxide?(c) What is the percent by mass of magnesium in magnesium oxide?arrow_forwardWrite the symbol for each of the following ions. (Enter your answer in the form A X q± Z .) (a) the ion with a 3+ charge, 28 electrons, and a mass number of 69 (b) the ion with 36 electrons, 35 protons, and 44 neutrons (c) the ion with 91 electrons, 148 neutrons, and a 4+ charge (d) the ion with a 2+ charge, atomic number 40, and mass number 90arrow_forward
- 28. (a) In Figure P7.7, which sphere could represent a Na atom, Nation, and K atom? Provide an explanation for your choice. (b) In Figure P7.7, which sphere could represent an O atom, S atom, and S2- ion? Provide an explanation for your choice. FIGURE P7.7 (b) (c)arrow_forwardChlorine reacts with oxygen to form Cl2O7. (a) What is the name of this product (see Table 2.6)? (b) Write a balanced equation for the formation of Cl2O7(l) from the elements. (c) Under usual conditions, Cl2O7 is a colorless liquid with a boiling point of 81℃. Is this boiling point expected or surprising? (d) Would you expect Cl2O7 to be more reactive toward H+(aq) or OH− (aq)? Explain. (e) If the oxygen in Cl2O7 is considered to have the -2 oxidation state, what is the oxidation state of the Cl? What is the electron configuration of Cl in this oxidation state?arrow_forwardAnswer true or false. (a) A proton and an electron have the same mass but opposite charges. (b) The mass of an electron is cosiderably smaller than that of a neutron. (c) An atomic mass unit (amu) is a unit of mass. (d) One amu is equal to 1 gram. (e) The protons and neutrons of an atom are found in the nucleus. (I) The ekectrons of an atom are found in the space surrounding the nucleus. (g) All atoms of the same element have the same number of protons. (h) All atoms of the same element have the same number of electrons. (i) Electrons and protons repel each other. (j) The size of an atom is approximately the size of its nucleus. (k) The mass number of an atom is the sum of the numbers of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of that atom. (l) For most atoms, their mass number is the same as their atomic number. (m) The three isotopes of hydrogen (hydrogen-i, hydrogen-2, and hydrogen-3) differ only in the number of neutrons in the nucleus. (n) Hydrogen-i has one neutron in its nucleus,…arrow_forward
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