BIOLOGY
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781266739606
Author: Hoefnagels
Publisher: MCG
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Chapter 32, Problem 9WIO
Summary Introduction
To explain:
The correlation between the skyrocketing consumption of high fructose corn syrup since 1970 and the rise in obesity during the same period.
Concept introduction:
The carbohydrates contain long chains of monomers called monosaccharides. The action of maltase on maltose results in two molecules of glucose. The action of sucrase on sucrose results in one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose.
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Chapter 32 Solutions
BIOLOGY
Ch. 32.1 - What are two reasons that animals must eat?Ch. 32.1 - Prob. 2MCCh. 32.1 - Prob. 3MCCh. 32.1 - How does the mechanical breakdown of food speed...Ch. 32.1 - Define the terms herbivore, carnivore,...Ch. 32.2 - Prob. 1MCCh. 32.2 - Prob. 2MCCh. 32.2 - Compare and contrast the digestive systems of an...Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 1MCCh. 32.3 - Describe the functions of saliva, teeth, and the...
Ch. 32.3 - Prob. 3MCCh. 32.3 - Prob. 4MCCh. 32.3 - Prob. 5MCCh. 32.3 - Prob. 6MCCh. 32.3 - Prob. 7MCCh. 32.4 - Prob. 1MCCh. 32.4 - Describe the relationship of body weight to...Ch. 32.4 - Prob. 3MCCh. 32.4 - Prob. 4MCCh. 32.5 - How did the researchers analyze the bacterial...Ch. 32.5 - Prob. 2MCCh. 32 - Prob. 1MCQCh. 32 - Prob. 2MCQCh. 32 - Prob. 3MCQCh. 32 - Prob. 4MCQCh. 32 - Prob. 5MCQCh. 32 - Prob. 6MCQCh. 32 - Prob. 1WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 2WIOCh. 32 - Biologists estimate that carnivores assimilate 90%...Ch. 32 - Prob. 4WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 5WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 6WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 7WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 8WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 9WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 10WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 11WIOCh. 32 - Prob. 12WIOCh. 32 - Refer to figure 32.22 and the chapter content to...Ch. 32 - Prob. 2PITCh. 32 - 3. How would removing the gallbladder affect the...
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- As a result of complete fasting for 3 days, a significant change in metabolism occurs. How will the level of fatty acids in the blood change? What hormone causes these changes? Justify your answer schematically.arrow_forwardGlucagon is released from the pancreas in response to low blood glucose levels. It regulates the opposing pathways of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis by altering levels of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. If glucagon causes a decrease in fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, how does this increase blood glucose levels? Explain..arrow_forwardThe body doesn’t have a reserve of proteins or amino acids for energy production. Which class of protein may be used initially during fasting to maintain glucose and energy levels? What is the difference between a glucogenic and ketogenic amino acid and why are both important during fasting?arrow_forward
- In the absence of food consumption, the rate of gluconeogenesis (GNG) tends to increase. Explain why this occurs and describe the range of substrates for GNG as fasting continues beyond 18 hours. asaparrow_forwardGiven insulin's structure, where is its target likely located? Insulin's adverse side effects include headache, nau- sea, hunger, confusion and weakness. What can these symptoms be attributed to? Insulin has major effects on muscle and adipose tissue. It increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, decreases the rate of lipolysis, and increases uptake of triglycerides and some amino acids from the blood. In doing so, what metabolic processes does it favor? Carbohydrates: Lipids: Proteins:arrow_forwardThe typical human adult uses about 160 g of glucose per day, 120 g of which is used by the brain. The available reserve of glucose (~20 g of circulating glucose and ~190 g of glycogen) is adequate to sustain the individual for about one day. After the reserve has been depleted during starvation, how would the body obtain more glucose?arrow_forward
- Lactose intolerance is caused by reduced production of the enzyme lactase. A variety of digestive system problems, such as celiac disease and Crohn’s disease) can also lower the production of lactase. If an individual produces low levels of the enzyme lactase, explain why they might be able to tolerate eating dairy products that contain lower levels of lactose (e.g., hard cheeses, feta cheese, and cottage cheese), but will not be able to tolerate foods with high levels of lactose (e.g., milk).arrow_forwardCompare the regulation of glucagon and insulin secretion after a mealhigh in carbohydrates, after a meal low in carbohydrates but high inproteins, and during physical exercise.arrow_forwardThe brain can also use ketone bodies as fuel in addition to utilising glucose when it is present.Even the use of ketone bodies as a fuel source for the brain rather than glucose is supported by data.How are ketone bodies used by the brain? Discuss how brain metabolism is thought to be changed inneurodegenerative diseases(refer to the figure below) How does the brain benefit from using ketone bodies as fuel in these cases(refer to Figure below)Refer to the article " Effects of Ketone Bodies on Brain Metabolism and Function in Neurodegenerative Diseases" to answer the questions. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7699472/arrow_forward
- What would the blood levels of glucose and ketones be after 48 hours of fasting in aperson who was carnitine deficient . Explain your reasoningarrow_forwardKetone bodies that build up under starvation conditions act as hunger suppressants and mentaldepressants. Does this make sense or would it make more sense for them to act as a stimulant to goout and find food? Explain.arrow_forwardA patient has a defective liver FBPase-2 enzyme, the enzyme that converts F2,6P into F6P. This enzyme is inactive. What effect would this have on the differential regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver cells? How would this affect a person's ability to respond appropriately to a low blood sugar state? What about a high blood sugar state?arrow_forward
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