College Physics For Ap® Courses
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168932
Author: Gregg Wolfe, Irina Lyublinskaya, Douglas Ingram
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 33, Problem 7PE
Suppose a W− created in a bubble chamber lives for What distance does it move in this time if it is traveling at 0.900 c? Since this distance is too short to make a track, the presence of the W− must be inferred from its decay products. Note that the time is longer than the given W− lifetime, which can be due to the statistical nature of decay or time dilation.
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(a)
If a KS0 meson at rest decays in 7.80 ✕ 10−11 s, how far (in cm) does a KS0 meson travel if it is moving at 0.900c?
cm
(b)
What If? At what speed will the KS0 meson travel twice the distance found in part (a) before decaying? (Give your answer in terms of c.)
c
About 10,000 cosmic-ray protons, each with hundreds of MeV of energy, impinge on each square meter of our upper atmosphere each second. They collide with atmospheric nitrogen and oxygen to produce secondary showers of newly created particles, including many muons. Muons have a mass of 105.7 MeV/c2 and an average lifetime of 2.197 µs. Consider a secondary cosmic muon produced at an altitude of 15.00 km aimed directly downward with an energy of 6.000 GeV. With such high energy, the muon can travel a great distance into the earth without slowing down.
(a) Determine the speed of this muon.
(b) How far would this muon travel in one lifetime if there were no relativistic effects?
(c) In the frame of the muon, what distance separates its creation position from the earth’s surface?
(d) If one lifetime passes in the frame of the muon, how much time passes in the frame of the earth?
(e) How far does a muon travel in this time as seen from the earth?
(f) Does the muon survive its trip to the…
An antiproton p has the same rest energy as a proton. It is created inthe reaction p + p → p + p + p + p. In an experiment, protons at rest in the laboratory are bombarded with protons of kinetic energy Ek, which must be great enough so that kinetic energy equal to 2mc2 can be converted into the rest energy of the two particles. In the frame of the laboratory, the total kinetic energy cannot be converted into rest energy because of conservation of momentum. However, in the zero-momentumreference frame in which the two initial protons are moving toward each other with equal speed u, the total kinetic energy can be converted into rest energy.
(a) Find the speed of each proton u such that the total kinetic energy in the zero-momentum frame is 2mc2.
(b) Transform to the laboratory’s frame in which one proton is at rest, and find the speed u of the other proton.
(c) Show that the kinetic energy of the moving proton in the laboratory’s frame is Ek = 6mc2 . Incidentally this tells you why…
Chapter 33 Solutions
College Physics For Ap® Courses
Ch. 33 - The total energy in the beam of an accelerator is...Ch. 33 - Synchrotron radiation takes energy from an...Ch. 33 - What two major limitations prevent us from...Ch. 33 - What are the advantages of collidingbeam...Ch. 33 - Large quanti?es of antimatter isolated from normal...Ch. 33 - Massless particles are not only neutral, they are...Ch. 33 - Massless particles must travel at the speed of...Ch. 33 - When a stat erupts in a supernova explosion, huge...Ch. 33 - Theorists have had spectacular success in...Ch. 33 - What lifetime do you expect for an antineutron...
Ch. 33 - Why does the meson have such a short lifetime...Ch. 33 - (a) Is a hadron always a baryon? (b) Is a baryon...Ch. 33 - Explain how conservation of baryon number is...Ch. 33 - The quark ?avor change it takes place in decay....Ch. 33 - Explain how the weak force can change strangeness...Ch. 33 - Beta decay is caused by the weak force, as are all...Ch. 33 - Why is it easier to see the properties of the c,...Ch. 33 - How can quarks, which are fermions, combine to...Ch. 33 - What evidence is cited is support the contention...Ch. 33 - Discuss how we know that (mesons are not...Ch. 33 - An antibaryon has three antiquarks with colors...Ch. 33 - Suppose leptons are created in a reaction. Does...Ch. 33 - How can the lifetime of a particle indicate that...Ch. 33 - (a) Do all particles having strangeness also have...Ch. 33 - The sigmazero particle decays mostly via the...Ch. 33 - What do the quark compositions and other quantum...Ch. 33 - Discuss the similarities and differences between...Ch. 33 - Identity evidence for electroweak unification.Ch. 33 - The quarks in a particle are con?ned, meaning...Ch. 33 - If a GUT is proven, and the four forces are...Ch. 33 - If the Higgs boson is discovered and found to have...Ch. 33 - Gluons and the photon are massless. Does this...Ch. 33 - A virtual particle having an approximate mass of...Ch. 33 - Calculate the mass in of a virtual carrier...Ch. 33 - Another component of the strong nuclear force is...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the ratio of the strengths the weak and...Ch. 33 - We ratio of the strong to the weak force and the...Ch. 33 - At full energy, protons in the 2.00kmdiameter...Ch. 33 - Suppose a W created in a bubble chamber lives for...Ch. 33 - What length track does a (+ traveling at 0.100 c...Ch. 33 - The 3.20kmlong SLAC produces a beam of 50.0GeV...Ch. 33 - Because of energy loss due to synchrotron...Ch. 33 - A proton and an antiproton collide headon, with...Ch. 33 - When an electron and positron collide at the SLAC...Ch. 33 - The is its own antiparticle and decays in the...Ch. 33 - The primary decay mode for the negative pion is...Ch. 33 - The mass of a theoretical particle that may be...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the negative muon is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - The decay mode of the positive tau is (a) What...Ch. 33 - The principal decay mode at the sigma zero is (a)...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) What is the uncertainty in the energy released...Ch. 33 - (a) Verify from its quark composition that the...Ch. 33 - Accelerators such as the Triangle Universities...Ch. 33 - The reaction (described in the preceding problem)...Ch. 33 - One of the decay modes of the omega minus is (a)...Ch. 33 - Repeat the previous problem for the decay modeCh. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Find...Ch. 33 - One decay mode for the etazero meson is (a) Write...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - Is the decay possible considering the appropriate...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - (a) Is the decay possible considering the...Ch. 33 - The only combination of quark colors that produces...Ch. 33 - (a) Three quarks form a baryon. How many...Ch. 33 - (a) Show that the conjectured decay of the proton,...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the + in...Ch. 33 - Verify the quantum numbers given for the proton...Ch. 33 - (a) How much energy would be released if the...Ch. 33 - (a) Find the charge, baryon number, strangeness,...Ch. 33 - There are particles called Dmesons. One of them is...Ch. 33 - There are particles called bottom mesons or...Ch. 33 - (a) What particle has the quark composition u-u-d?...Ch. 33 - (a) Show than all combinations of three quarks...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The intensity of cosmic ray...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Assuming conservation of...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts What is the wavelength of a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Calculate the relativistic...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts The primary decay mode for the...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Plans for an accelerator that...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts Suppose you are designing a...Ch. 33 - Integrated Concepts In supernovas, neutrinos are...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider an...Ch. 33 - Construct Your Own Problem Consider a detector...
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- Suppose you are designing a proton decay experiment and you can detect 50 percent of the proton decays in a tank of water. (a) How many kilograms of water would you need to see one decay per month, assuming a lifetime of 1031 y ? (b) How many cubic meters of water is this? (c) If the actual lifetime is 1033 y , how long would you have to wait on an average to see a single proton decay?arrow_forwardMuons are produced through the annihilation of particle a and its anti-particle, namely the process a + a → µ* + µ¯. A muon has a rest mass of 105 MeV/c² and its proper life time is 2us. If the center of mass energy of the collision is 2.1 GeV in the laboratory frame that coincides with the center-of-mass frame, then the fraction of muons that will decay before they reach a detector placed 6 km away from the interaction point is (a) e-¹ -1 (b) 1-e¹ (c) 1-e² (d) e-¹0arrow_forwardSay that the mean lifetime of a π+ meson in its own rest frame is τ = 2.6 x 10-8 s. A pion of this lifetime is created at an altitude 100 km in the atmosphere by the collision of an incoming cosmic·ray proton with an atmospheric nucleus, and it has lifetime τ. Use the binomial approximation (see attached image) to determine how fast would this π+ meson need to move in order to reach the ground before decaying. Express the velocity in the form v/c = 1 - ϵ, where ϵ << 1.arrow_forward
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