Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - Access Card Package (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780134536347
Author: Martha R. Taylor, Eric J. Simon, Jean L. Dickey, Kelly A. Hogan, Jane B. Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 18TYK
Aquatic biomes differ in levels of light, nutrients, oxygen, and water movement. These abiotic factors influence the productivity and diversity of freshwater ecosystems.
a. Productivity, roughly defined as photosynthetic output, is high in estuaries, coral reefs, and shallow ponds. Describe the abiotic factors that contribute to high productivity in these ecosystems.
b. How does extra input of nitrogen and phosphorus (for instance, by fertilizer runoff) affect the productivity of lakes and ponds? Is this nutrient input beneficial for the ecosystem? Explain.
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a) Each trophic level, on average, will move 10% of the energy tied up in molecules to the next trophic level. How much of the energy from the sun is actually brought in to the first trophic level?
b) When the producers convert energy and tie it up in the first trophic level, it is brought in as heat. True or false?
c) Which of the following are true about ecosystems? Check all that apply.
They contain both living and nonliving components.They contain both living and nonliving components.
There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy.There is a transfer of energy through the system and some energy is lost as heat energy.
Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem.Nutrients repeatedly cycle through the ecosystem.
They represent the lowest level of biological organization.They represent the lowest level of biological organization.
The ultimate source of energy for most ecosystems is organic molecules.
When the sulfur dioxide released from burning fossil fuels reacts with water vapor in clouds, sulfuric acid forms.
a. Is sulfuric acid a primary or secondary pollutant?
b. Is the pollution in this example point or non-point?
C.Is the pollution in this example acute or chronic?
In a temperate grassland system area of North America, vegetation has been destroyed by fire. What will happen to the net primary productivity and the local ecosystem when rains return in the next season?
a
The grasses will grow back, but the herbivores that lived there will not return, as they would have found new land to live on. Therefore, the net primary productivity would decrease.
b
The grasses will not grow back, therefore the herbivores that lived there will not return. Thus, the net primary productivity would decrease.
c
The grasses will grow back and the herbivores that lived there will return. The net primary productivity should also be similar to the previous season.
d
The grasses will grow back and the herbivores that lived there will return. The net primary productivity would be less than the previous season.
Chapter 34 Solutions
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections, Books a la Carte Plus Mastering Biology with Pearson eText - Access Card Package (9th Edition)
Ch. 34 - You have seen that Earths terrestrial biomes...Ch. 34 - The most complex and diverse biome a. chaparral b....Ch. 34 - Ground permanently frozen a. chaparral b. savanna...Ch. 34 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 34 - Limited to small coastal areas a. chaparral b....Ch. 34 - Spruce, fir, pine, and hemlock trees a. chaparral...Ch. 34 - Home of ants, antelopes, and lions a. chaparral b....Ch. 34 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 34 - What makes the Gobi Desert of Asia a desert? a....
Ch. 34 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 34 - Phytoplankton are the major photosynthesizers in...Ch. 34 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 15TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 16TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 17TYKCh. 34 - Aquatic biomes differ in levels of light,...Ch. 34 - In the climograph below, biomes are plotted by...Ch. 34 - Prob. 20TYKCh. 34 - SCIENTIFIC THINKING In 1954, workers at Michigan...
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- The process whereby oxygen is depleted by the growth of microorganisms due to excess nutrients in aquatic systems is called _________. a. dead zoning b. eutrophication c. retrophication d. depletionarrow_forwardOrganisms at the first trophic level ________. a. capture energy from a nonliving source b. are eaten by organisms at lower trophic levels c. are shown at the top of an energy pyramid d. are consumersarrow_forward"Write a scenario describing what would happen to an ecosystem or to the human system in the event that:(a) All producers are killed through loss of fertility of the soil or through toxic contamination, (b) decomposers and detritus feeders are eliminated. Support all of your statements with reasons drawn from your understanding of the way ecosystems function"arrow_forward
- Hypothetical balanced food chain. Sun and Earth supply 6 units of energy to each plant. For higher tropic levels, individuals consume 2 units of energy each before passing the remainder to the next trophic level. The number of individuals in each trophic level is given below. Complete the table below by computing for the number of energy units in each column. Answer the following questions: Discuss how the food chain works. Where does each trophic component or level get its energy (food) from? What is the ultimate source of energy for all components of the food chain? Which component got the highest amount of available energy/individual? Why do members of this component need the most energy?arrow_forwardLocal conditions, such as heavy rainfall or the removal of plants, may limit the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, or calcium available to a particular terrestrial ecosystem, but the amount of carbon available to the ecosystem is seldom a problem. Why?arrow_forwardOther than precipitation, discuss how two other parts of water cycle are influenced by droughts. Why can/can’t the answer be evaporation, transpiration and condensation?arrow_forward
- What do you think are the multiple problems that aquatic environments are exposed to? What are the causes if these problems and where do they come from? List down at least three, which you think are major problems faced on aquatic environments. Explain briefly why you think these are major problems.arrow_forwardList 3 major factors that are thought to control phytoplankton growth in the ocean. Rank these factors in terms of importance and argue why you chose this ranking, addressing where in the ocean you think each factor would be important, and to what extent each factor can limit phytoplankton production.arrow_forwardWhat do you think are the multiple stresses that aquatic environments are exposed to? Where do these stresses come from? List down at least three, which you think are major stresses on aquatic environments. Explain briefly why you think these are major stresses.arrow_forward
- Which statement best explains why persistent, fat-solublechemicals such as methylmercury accumulate in the highesttrophic levels?a. Animals at the highest trophic levels eat the lowest-quality food.b. The amount of biomass increases in each trophic level, and largeorganisms accumulate the most methylmercury.c. Large organisms are often herbivores, so they would consumemethylmercury directly.d. Methylmercury does not leave an animal’s body; each predatortherefore consumes the mercury contained in many prey.arrow_forwardWhich statement about energy flow in ecosystems is accurate? A.Energy flow reaches an equilibrium within ecosystems such that every trophic level has the same amount of energy. B. Because forests have relatively few large trees which support numerous smaller organisms, they have less energy at the lowest trophic level than at higher trophic levels. C. Energy is recycled within ecosystems, moving from producers to consumers to decomposers and back to producers. D. Energy flows through ecosystems with some lost at every transition resulting in lower trophic levels always containing more energy than higher trophic levels. E. Aquatic ecosystems have more energy at higher trophic levels than at lower trophic levels, whereas terrestrial ecosystems have more energy at lower trophic levels. Please answer asap and type your answer and do not copy from anywhere pleasearrow_forwardPollutant released due to human activities (like effluents from industries and homes) can radically accelerate the ageing process of the water body .(a) Explain how does this process occurs during natural ageing of lake.(b) Give the term used for accelerated ageing of water bodies. Also give the term used for the natural ageing of lake.arrow_forward
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