Study Guide for Campbell Biology
11th Edition
ISBN: 9780134443775
Author: Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Jane B. Reece, Martha R. Taylor, Michael A. Pollock
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 34, Problem 3IQ
The following phylogenetic hypothesis shows the major clades of chordates with some of the derived characters that define them. As you work through this chapter, fill in the seven large clades along the side and the name of each lineage.
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Can you answer all the parts to this question regarding the diagram
Hemichordates are a sister group to the chordates. This group contains organisms called acorn worms. They don’t have all of the chordate characteristics - just some.
Question
Part a: What about the name hemichordate might give you a hint about their chordate characteristics?
Part b: What characteristics do all chordates share based on this cladogram?
Part c: Which ones are synapomorphies of the chordates and which ones are symplesiomorphies based on this cladogram?
The domesticated dog (Canis familiaris) belongs to which of the following chordate classes?
class Chondrichthyes (the cartilaginous fishes)
class Osteichthyes (the bony fishes)
class Reptilia (the reptiles)
class Amphibia (the amphibians)
class Mammalia (the eutherian mammals)
Which of the following list places the important evolutionary innovations in the correct order of appearance in the chordate phylogeny?
a.
Vertebrae - bony skeleton - notochord - jaws - internal nares - lobe fins
b.
Jaws - notochord - bony skeleton - vertebrae - lobe fins - internal nares
c.
Notochord - jaws - vertebrae - internal nares - lobe fins - bony skeleton
d.
Notochord - vertebrae - jaws - bony skeleton - lobe fins - internal nares
Chapter 34 Solutions
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Ch. 34 - Name the animal shown in the following diagram and...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2IQCh. 34 - The following phylogenetic hypothesis shows the...Ch. 34 - a. List the derived characters of gnathostomes. b....Ch. 34 - a. What three lineages of lobe-fins survive today?...Ch. 34 - Describe the 375-million-year-old fishapod fossil...Ch. 34 - Identify the four extraembryonic membranes in the...Ch. 34 - Prob. 8IQCh. 34 - Prob. 9IQCh. 34 - a. List the derived characteristics of mammals. b....
Ch. 34 - Prob. 11IQCh. 34 - Starting from primates, list the increasingly...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2SYKCh. 34 - Prob. 3SYKCh. 34 - Prob. 1TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 2TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 3TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 4TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 5TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 8TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 9TYKFCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYKFCh. 34 - Pharyngeal slits appear to have functioned first...Ch. 34 - Prob. 2TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 34 - Non-bird reptiles have much lower caloric needs...Ch. 34 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 11TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 34 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 34 - It is thought that feathers first arose as a means...Ch. 34 - Prob. 15TYK
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- Hemichordates are a sister group to the chordates. This group contains organisms called acorn worms. They don’t have all of the chordate characteristics - just some. Question: Which ones are synapomorphies of the chordates and which ones are symplesiomorphies based on this cladogram?arrow_forwardIn 1928 Walter Garstang hypothesized that tunicates resemble the ancestral stock of the vertebrates. Explain this hypothesis and evaluate its validity with recent phylogenetic, fossil, and developmental data.arrow_forwardWhich of the following taxa of fish shared most direct common ancestry with the group of animals that evolved into the terrestrial tetrapods? -Subclass Elasmobranchii -Class Neopterygii -Subclass Sarcopterygii -Class Actinopterygii -Class Chondrichthyesarrow_forward
- In the phylogeny shown in Figure 17.6, chordates (the phylum that includes humans) are most closely related to which other animal phylum?arrow_forwardAmphioxus long has been of interest to zoologists searching for a vertebrate ancestor. Explain why amphioxus captured such interest and why it no longer is considered to resemble closely the direct ancestor of the vertebrates.arrow_forwardDraw a cladogram for the animals: Amphioxus; Lamprey; an osteostracan( derived ostracoderm); Reef shark;African lungfish and cichlid ( teleost fish) and label the cladogram with the following clades and characters Clade:Chordata; Vertebrata; Gnathostomata; Chondrichthyes 5. Osteichthyes (bony fishes); Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) and Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Characters: Notochord; Muscular pharynx; Dermal bone; Pectoral fins • Jaw; Pelvic fins; Endochondral bone; Lobed fins and 7 clusters of Hox genesarrow_forward
- Amphioxus long has been of interest to zoologists searching for a vertebrate ancestor. Explain why amphioxus captured such interest and how it is different from the hypothesized most recent common ancestor of all vertebrates.arrow_forwardThe tree shows one lineage of ornithischian dinosaurs and many lineages of theropoddinosaurs. Some important traits are mapped on the tree including the aspects of feathers, digits of thehands and a few behaviors. a. What phylogenetic function do the Ornithischian dinosaurs play in this tree?b. What trait is shared by all theropod dinosaurs?c. Only two lineages are thought to be capable of flight. What trait may have helped their wings to bestrong enough?d. What seems to happen to the bones of the hand across this tree of dinosaurs?e. What other bone characteristics might be important to ultimately enabling flight?arrow_forwardThe following four line drawings are reconstructions of invertebrate fossil. Using your knowledge of the extant invertebrate phyla, please indicate which phylum this species mostly likely belongs to. Support your conclusion by connecting the morphological characteristics of the fossil species with the distinguishing characteristics of the phylum.arrow_forward
- Draw three phylogenetic trees (cladograms) depicting the possible relationships between hemichordates, echinoderms and chordates. Briefly summarize the evidence supporting each alternative. Which appears to be the best-supported by recent DNA evidence?arrow_forwardSelect clades from the list provided below to show a legitimate evolutionary path that led to the evolution of the blue-headed wrasse. The clades are listed in alphabetical order. Include all clades to which this species belongs. Ignore the clades to which this species does not belong. I started by writing the broadest two clades that apply (see below). Actinopterygii Chondrichthyes Chordata Cyclostomata Gnathostomata Osteichthyes Sarcopterygii Teleostei Tetrapoda Vertebrataarrow_forwardDescribe likely features of the common ancestor of chordates, and explain your reasoning.arrow_forward
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