Physics for Scientists and Engineers
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133947271
Author: Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher: Cengage Learning
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 35, Problem 35.1OQ
In each of the following situations, a wave passes through an opening in an absorbing wall. Rank the situations in order from the one in which the wave is best described by the ray approximation to the one ill which the wave coming through the opening spreads out most nearly equally in all directions in the hemisphere beyond the wall, (a) The sound of a low whistle at 1 kHz passes through a doorway 1 m wide, (b) Red light passes through the pupil of your eye. (c) Blue light passes through the pupil of your eye. (d) The wave broadcast by an AM radio station passes through a doorway 1 m wide, (e) An x-ray passes through the space between bones in your elbow Joint.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
If the planes of a crystal are 3.50 Å (1 Å = 10-10 m = 1 Ångstrom unit) apart, (a) what wavelength of electromagnetic waves is needed so that the first strong interference maximum in the Bragg reflection occurs when the waves strike the planes at an angle of 22.0°, and in what part of the electromagnetic spectrum do these waves lie? (See Fig). (b) At what other angles will strong interference maxima occur?
Q1: Let a plane EM wave with frequency o travelling in free space be
incident on the surface of a dielectric with refractive index n and
permeability µo, at an angle of incidence 0;.
Let the electric field of the wave be normal to the plane of incidence,
i.e. parallel to the surface of the dielectric.
(i) In terms of the parameter a = cos 0r/ cos 0; and ß = n, calculate
the reflection coefficient R and the transmission coefficient T.
(ii) Plot these quantities as functions of 0; . Is there a “Brewster's angle"
in this case ?
A radio station has two antennas. The antennas are a distance d apart, where d equals half the broadcast wavelength. The antennas are driven in phase with each other. Let the x-axis be the line that runs through the two antennas. The angles are all measured counterclockwise from the +x-direction. (For the following, assume an observer is positioned a distance D far from the midpoint of the antennas, so that
D ≫ d.)
(a)
In which directions is the strongest signal radiated?
0°, 180°
90°, 270°
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°
45°, 135°, 225°, 315°
(b)
In which directions is the weakest signal radiated?
0°, 180°
90°, 270°
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°
45°, 135°, 225°, 315°
Chapter 35 Solutions
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.1QQCh. 35 - If beam is the incoming beam in Figure 34.10b,...Ch. 35 - Light passes from a material with index of...Ch. 35 - In photography, lenses in a camera use refraction...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.5QQCh. 35 - In each of the following situations, a wave passes...Ch. 35 - A source emits monochromatic light of wavelength...Ch. 35 - Carbon disulfide (n = 1.63) is poured into a...Ch. 35 - A light wave moves between medium 1 and medium 2....Ch. 35 - What happens to a light wave when it travels from...
Ch. 35 - The index of refraction for water is about 43....Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.7OQCh. 35 - What is the order of magnitude of the time...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.9OQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.10OQCh. 35 - A light ray navels from vacuum into a slab of...Ch. 35 - Suppose you find experimentally that two colors of...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.13OQCh. 35 - Which color light refracts the most when entering...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.15OQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.1CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.2CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.3CQCh. 35 - The F-117A stealth fighter (Fig. CQ35.4) is...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.5CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.6CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.7CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.8CQCh. 35 - A laser beam passing through a non homogeneous...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.10CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.11CQCh. 35 - (a) Under what conditions is a mirage formed?...Ch. 35 - Figure CQ35.13 shows a pencil partially immersed...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.14CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.15CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.16CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.17CQCh. 35 - Prob. 35.1PCh. 35 - The Apollo 11 astronauts set up a panel of...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.3PCh. 35 - As a result of his observations, Ole Roemer...Ch. 35 - The wavelength of red helium-neon laser light in...Ch. 35 - An underwater scuba diver sees the Sun at an...Ch. 35 - A ray of light is incident on a flat surface of a...Ch. 35 - Figure P35.8 shows a refracted light beam in...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.9PCh. 35 - A dance hall is built without pillars and with a...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.11PCh. 35 - A ray of light strikes a flat block of glass (n =...Ch. 35 - A prism that has an apex angle of 50.0 is made of...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.14PCh. 35 - A light ray initially in water enters a...Ch. 35 - A laser beam is incident at an angle of 30.0 from...Ch. 35 - A ray of light strikes the midpoint of one face of...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.18PCh. 35 - When you look through a window, by what time...Ch. 35 - Two flat, rectangular mirrors, both perpendicular...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.21PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.22PCh. 35 - Two light pulses are emitted simultaneously from a...Ch. 35 - Light passes from air into flint glass at a...Ch. 35 - A laser beam with vacuum wavelength 632.8 nm is...Ch. 35 - A narrow beam of ultrasonic waves reflects off the...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.27PCh. 35 - A triangular glass prism with apex angle 60.0 has...Ch. 35 - Light of wavelength 700 nm is incident on the face...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.30PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.31PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.32PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.33PCh. 35 - A submarine is 300 m horizontally from the shore...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.35PCh. 35 - The index of refraction for red light in water is...Ch. 35 - A light beam containing red and violet wavelengths...Ch. 35 - The speed of a water wave is described by v=gd,...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.39PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.40PCh. 35 - A glass optical fiber (n = 1.50) is submerged in...Ch. 35 - For 589-nm light, calculate the critical angle for...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.43PCh. 35 - A triangular glass prism with apex angle has an...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.45PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.46PCh. 35 - Consider a common mirage formed by superheated air...Ch. 35 - A room contains air in which the speed of sound is...Ch. 35 - An optical fiber has an index of refraction n and...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.50PCh. 35 - Prob. 35.51APCh. 35 - Consider a horizontal interface between air above...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.53APCh. 35 - Why is the following situation impossible? While...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.55APCh. 35 - How many times will the incident beam in Figure...Ch. 35 - When light is incident normally on the interface...Ch. 35 - Refer to Problem 37 for its description of the...Ch. 35 - A light ray enters the atmosphere of the Earth and...Ch. 35 - A light ray enters the atmosphere of a planet and...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.61APCh. 35 - Prob. 35.62APCh. 35 - Prob. 35.63APCh. 35 - Prob. 35.64APCh. 35 - The light beam in Figure P35.65 strikes surface 2...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.66APCh. 35 - A 4.00-m-long pole stands vertically in a...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.68APCh. 35 - A 4.00-m-long pole stands vertically in a...Ch. 35 - As sunlight enters the Earths atmosphere, it...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.71APCh. 35 - A ray of light passes from air into water. For its...Ch. 35 - As shown in Figure P35.73, a light ray is incident...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.74APCh. 35 - Prob. 35.75APCh. 35 - Prob. 35.76APCh. 35 - Prob. 35.77APCh. 35 - Students allow a narrow beam of laser light to...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.79APCh. 35 - Figure P34.50 shows a top view of a square...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.81CPCh. 35 - Prob. 35.82CPCh. 35 - Prob. 35.83CPCh. 35 - Pierre de Fermat (16011665) showed that whenever...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.85CPCh. 35 - Suppose a luminous sphere of radius R1 (such as...Ch. 35 - Prob. 35.87CP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- An unpolarized beam of light is incident on a stack of ideal polarizing filters. The axis of the first filter is perpendicular to the axis of the last filter in the stack. Find the fraction by which the transmitted beams intensity is reduced in the three following cases. (a) Three filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 45.0 relative to the preceding filter. (b) Four filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 30.0 relative to the preceding filter. (c) Seven filters are in the stack, each with its transmission axis at 15.0 relative to the preceding filter. (d) Comment on comparing the answers to parts (a), (b), and (c).arrow_forwardAstronomers observe the chromosphere of the Sun with a filter that passes the red hydrogen spectral line of wavelength 656.3 nm, called the H line. The filter consists of a transparent dielectric of thickness d held between two partially aluminized glass plates. The filter is held at a constant temperature. (a) Find the minimum value of d that produces maximum transmission of perpendicular H light if the dielectric has an index of refraction of 1.378. (b) What If? If the temperature of the filter increases above the normal value, increasing its thickness, what happens to the transmitted wavelength? (c) The dielectric will also pass what near-visible wavelength? One of the glass plates is colored red to absorb this light.arrow_forwardTwo polarizing sheets P1 and P2 are placed together with their transmission axes oriented at an angle to each other. What is when only 25% of the maximum transmitted light intensity passes through them?arrow_forward
- A linearly polarized microwave of wavelength 1.50 cm is directed along the positive x axis. The electric field vector has a maximum value of 175 V/m and vibrates in the xy plane. Assuming the magnetic field component of the wave can be written in the form B = Bmax sin (kx t), give values for (a) Bmax, (b) k, and (c) . (d) Determine in which plane the magnetic field vector vibrates. (e) Calculate the average value of the Poynting vector for this wave. (f) If this wave were directed at normal incidence onto a perfectly reflecting sheet, what radiation pressure would it exert? (g) What acceleration would be imparted to a 500-g sheet (perfectly reflecting and at normal incidence) with dimensions of 1.00 m 0.750 m?arrow_forwardAn electric current through hydrogen gas produces several distinct wavelengths of visible light. What are the wavelengths of the hydrogen spectrum, if they form first-order maxima at angles 24.2°, 25.7°, 29.1°, and 41.0° when projected on a diffraction grating having 10,000 lines per centimeter?arrow_forwardWhat angle is needed between the direction of polarized light and the axis of a polarizing filter to cut its intensity in half?arrow_forward
- To save money on making military aircraft invisible to radar, an inventor decides to coat them with a nonreflective material having an index of refraction of 1.20, which is between that of air and the surface of the plane. This, he reasons, should be much cheaper than designing Stealth bombers. (a) What thickness should the coating be to inhibit the reflection of 4.00-cm wavelength radar? (b) What is unreasonable about this result? (c) Which assumptions are unreasonable or inconsistent?arrow_forwardIn Figure P37.52, suppose the transmission axes of the left and right polarizing disks are perpendicular to each other. Also, let the center disk be rotated on the common axis with an angular speed . Show that if unpolarized light is incident on the left disk with an intensity Imax, the intensity of the beam emerging from the right disk is I=116Imax(1cos4t) This result means that the intensity of the emerging beam is modulated at a rate four times the rate of rotation of the center disk. Suggestion: Use the trigonometric identities cos2=12(1+cos2) and sin2=12(1cos2). Figure P37.52arrow_forwardTwo radio antennas separated by d = 3.00 102 cm. as shown in Figure P24.7, simultaneously broadcast identical signals at the same the signals. (a) If the car is at the position of the second maximum wavelength. A car travels due north along a straight line at position x = 1.00 103 m from the center point between the antennas and its radio receives the signal. (a) If the car is at the position of the second maximum after that at point O when it has traveled a distance of y = 4.00 102 m northward, what is the wavelength of the signals? (b) How much farther must the car travel from thus position to encounter the next minimum in reception? Hint: Do not use the small-angle approximation in this problem.arrow_forward
- To reduce the loss of light when reflected from the glass surface, the latter is covered with a thin layer of a substance, the refractive index of which is n '= sqrt (n), where n is the refractive index of the glass. At what minimum thickness d (min) of this layer will the reflectivity of glass in the normal direction be minimal for light with a wavelength λ?arrow_forward(1) Write down the electric and magnetic fields for a monochromatic plane wave of amplitude Eo and frequency o traveling in free space in the negative x direction and polarized in the z direction. (ii) Sketch the wave and give the explicit Cartesian components of k and n. (iii) A reflective glass plate with refractive index n is placed in the yz plane at x = 0. Write down the electric field of the reflected wave from this glass plate.arrow_forwardElectromagnetic wave of unknown wavelength passes through the slit of width a =3.79 µm and the first minimum is detected at angular position 0 =6.82°. What is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave? Provide your answer in nanometers, round it to one decimal place.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...PhysicsISBN:9781305116399Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPrinciples of Physics: A Calculus-Based TextPhysicsISBN:9781133104261Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningUniversity Physics Volume 3PhysicsISBN:9781938168185Author:William Moebs, Jeff SannyPublisher:OpenStax
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...PhysicsISBN:9781337553292Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage LearningPhysics for Scientists and EngineersPhysicsISBN:9781337553278Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. JewettPublisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Technology ...
Physics
ISBN:9781305116399
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Physics: A Calculus-Based Text
Physics
ISBN:9781133104261
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
University Physics Volume 3
Physics
ISBN:9781938168185
Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny
Publisher:OpenStax
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...
Physics
ISBN:9781133939146
Author:Katz, Debora M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers with Modern ...
Physics
ISBN:9781337553292
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Physics for Scientists and Engineers
Physics
ISBN:9781337553278
Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Polarization of Light: circularly polarized, linearly polarized, unpolarized light.; Author: Physics Videos by Eugene Khutoryansky;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8YkfEft4p-w;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY