When light is incident normally on the interface between two transparent optical media, the intensity of the reflected light is given by the expression
In this equation, S1 represents the average magnitude of the Poynting vector in the incident light (the incident intensity),
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Chapter 35 Solutions
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- Light traveling in a medium of index of refraction n1 is incident on another medium having an index of refraction n2. Under which of the following conditions can total internal reflection occur at the interface of the two media? (a) The indices of refraction have the relation n2 n1. (b) The indices of refraction have the relation n1 n2. (c) Light travels slower in the second medium than in the first. (d) The angle of incidence is less than the critical angle. (e) The angle of incidence must equal the angle of refraction.arrow_forwardUnpolarized light in vacuum is incident onto a sheet of glass with index of refraction n. The reflected and refracted rays are perpendicular to each other. Find the angle of incidence. This angle is called Brewsters angle or the polarizing angle. In this situation, the reflected light is linearly polarized, with its electric field restricted to be perpendicular to the plane containing the rays and the normal.arrow_forwardThe index of refraction for water is about 43. What happens as a beam of light travels from air into water? (a) Its speed increases to 43c, and its frequency decreases. (b) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength decreases by a factor of 34. (c) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its wavelength increases by a factor of 43. (d) Its speed and frequency remain the same. (e) Its speed decreases to 34c, and its frequency increases.arrow_forward
- A ray of light travelling in glass having a refractive index nglass = 1.5, is incident at an angle 6, on the glass-air interface. If a thin layer of liquid (niquid = 1.23) is poured on the glass air interface, then at what angle would the ray emerge from the liquid-air interface? air (nair) air (nair) liquid (njiquid) glass (ng) glass (ng) 35.7° 90.0° O 45.6° 48.3° 82.5°arrow_forwardIn the figure, light from ray A refracts from material 1 (n1 = 1.60) into a thin layer of material 2 (n2 = 1.80), crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3 (n3 = 1.3). (a) What is the value of incident angle θA? (b) If θA is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? Light from ray B refracts from material 1 into the thin layer, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (c) What is the value of incident angle θB? (d) If θB is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3?arrow_forwardA ray of light travelling in glass having a refractive index nlass= 1.5, is incident at an angle 0 on the glass-air interface. If a thin layer of liquid (niquid = 1.23) is poured on the glass air interface, then at what angle would the ray emerge from the liquid-air interface? air (nair) air (nair) liquid (niquid) glass (ng) glass (ng) O 48.3° 90.0° 35.7° O 45.6° O 82.5°arrow_forward
- In the figure, light from ray A refracts from material 1 (n₁ = 1.73) into a thin layer of material 2 (n2 = 1.80), crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3 (n3 = 1.40). (a) What is the value of incident angle BA? (b) If 8A is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? Light from ray B refracts from material 1 into the thin layer, crosses that layer, and is then incident at the critical angle on the interface between materials 2 and 3. (c) What is the value of incident angle Og? (d) If Og is decreased, does part of the light refract into material 3? OB I ng no 121arrow_forwardA beam of white light is incident on a slab of dense flint glass at an angle of incidence of 60°. Flint glass, as with most materials, displays a dispersion where the refractive index is a function of the wavelength of incident light. We can often write this dispersion using the Cauchy relation n(2)=A+B^(-2). For the case of Flint glass, A = 1.728, and B = 0.01342 µm2. What is the difference in angle of the refracted beam between blue light of wavelength 400 nm, and red light of wavelength 700 nm?arrow_forwardA block of a transparent solid sits on top of the horizontal surface of a block of glass. A ray of light traveling in the glass is incident on the top surface of the glass at an angle of 62.0 with respect to the normal to the surface. The light has wavelength 447 nm in the glass and 315 nm in the transparent solid. What angle does the ray that refracts into the transparent solid make with the normal to the surface?arrow_forward
- When red light in vacuum is incident at the Brewster angle on a certain glass slab, the angle of refraction is 32.0.What are (a) the index of refraction of the glass and (b) the Brewster angle?arrow_forwardA ray of light travelling in glass having a refractive index nalass = 1.5, is incident at an angle 0 on the glass-air interface. If a thin layer of liquid (niquid = 1.23) is poured on the glass air interface, then at what angle would the ray emerge from the liquid-air interface? air (nair) air (nair) liquid (niquid) glass (ng) glass (ng) 82.5° 48.3° 35.7° 90.0° 45.6°arrow_forwardSpatial distribution of electric field E(x) of a light beam which has a wavelength 5.0x107m coming from free space (n=1) and entering the dielectiric medium (n=1.5) at x=0 interface is shown below. Write an expression for the electric field E(x,t) of light inside the medium. (Ignore any reflection at the interface) E(X) λ=5.0x107m E₂ MM n=1 x=0 E(x,t)=? n=1.5 Xarrow_forward
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