Use the “equal temper” scale with the 12 semitones A, A#, B, C, C#, D, D#, E, F, F#, G, and G# and the frequency of A is 440 Hz. On a piano keyboard, the distance between two white keys that are side by side is a whole note if there is a black key between them, and it is a semitone if there is no black key between them. A black key (such as the one between C and D) is called a sharp. The black key between C and D is denoted by C#. Remember that the change in frequency P( f ) between any two consecutive semitones is 100 cents.
A whole tone is a frequency ratio of 10:9. That is,
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