CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS (LL)-W/MOD.MA
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135686065
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 35, Problem 9TYU
FOCUS ON EVOLUTION
Describe one invertebrate defense mechanism and discuss how it is an evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
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Describe one invertebrate mechanism of defense against pathogens and discuss how it is an evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
Adaptive Response
Fill in
the blanks..
Our specific defense system recognizes and fights
autoimmune
foreign molecules, or
It can protect us
antigens
against
like bacteria or viruses, or
abnormal human cells like
An
allergy
is the system's "overreaction" to things like pollen,
cancer
peanuts, or shellfish. The system can also target healthy
pathogens
human tissues causing
diseases such as
rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.
11
O Teamwork Toolbox
EVOLUTION CONNECTION Describe one invertebratemechanism of defense against pathogens and discuss how it isan evolutionary adaptation retained in vertebrates.
Chapter 35 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS (LL)-W/MOD.MA
Ch. 35.1 - Pus is both a sign of infection and an indicator...Ch. 35.1 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How do the molecules that...Ch. 35.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35.2 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.2 - Explain how memory cells strengthen the immune...Ch. 35.2 - WHAT IF? If both copies of a light-chain gene and...Ch. 35.3 - Prob. 1CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 2CCCh. 35.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 35 - Prob. 1TYU
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- In arthropods the open circulatory system is the primary means by which cells receive oxygen for cellular respiration. True Falsearrow_forwardTo put an end to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were developed against the virus and people eligible to receive these are encouraged to get vaccinated. How do these vaccines work? * The vaccine will not cause the disease, but will help develop the body’s first line of defense. The vaccine mimics the virus that causes the disease and triggers the creation of antibodies. No answer The presence of the virus in the vaccine will improve the innate immune response of the body. The vaccine causes a mild infection that will trigger the production of antibodies against the virus.arrow_forwardCompare the differences and similarities between the no specific and specific defence systemsarrow_forward
- What is aposematic coloration? Choose All That Apply a type of physical defense mechanism a type of mullerian mimicry warning coloration in toxic organisms a type of chemical defensearrow_forwardWhat is aposematic coloration? Choose All That Apply Oa type of physical defense mechanism a type of mullerian mimicry warning coloration in toxic organisms a type of chemical defensearrow_forwardhello! Compare the differences and similarities between the resistance mechanisms in insects and in bacteria to different xenobiotics. thank you!arrow_forward
- Name one way that genetics can play a role in the first line of defense.arrow_forwardIt is a fact that insects are widely distributed in any type of ecosystem. Some are vectors of causative agents of diseases and yet they can still survive although some don’t. If other animals have their immune system like man, what about the insects? In the context of circulation or the circulatory system, how do insects defend themselves from infection?arrow_forwardBegins with Q Search Question 32 What is the cause of host rejection of graft in an allograft transplant? O Difference in PAMPS and TLRS between humans and chimpanzees (apes) O Differences in tumor necrosis factor alpha release between two identical individuals O Differences in MHC I molecules between two non-identical human O Differences iìn antigen presenting cell (APC) function within a single individualarrow_forward
- We talked in one of our first lectures about how we began to understand the potentiation of an action potential down an axon by stimulating and recording electrical changes in a giant squid neuron. Which neuroscience method enabled that discovery? Immunohistochemistry Electrophysiology Transgenic mouse lines Chemogeneticsarrow_forwardiSwers of possible answers after the due date. 1. Our book states that all animals have an innate immune system but only vertebrates have an adaptive immune response. Why do you think this might be? What selective advantage favored vertebrates but not invertebrates for having an adaptive immune response? Explain your reasoning. 2. Recall that Jean-Baptiste Lamarck was one of the first to study the idea of evolution systematically (p. 450 of our text) and proposed the idea of inheritance by acquired characteristics, where individuals develop phenotypes in response to environmental changes. Could it not be claimed that Lamarck was correct in his thinking with regards to our immune system? Provide one example where our immune system supports his acquired characteristics idea and one reason that it does not. 3. Africa Sleeping Sickness is caused by a single celled parasite, Trypanosoma, that infects our blood cells and liver. This parasite has proven difficult to immunize people against…arrow_forwardAnswer it Classify the following cases as to the adaptive response that they belong to (Hypertrophy, Hyperplasia, Aplasia, Hypoplasia, Atrophyarrow_forward
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