Concept explainers
(a)
To classify:
‘A surge of epinephrine initiates a flight response in a gazelle’ as either a proximate or an ultimate cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
(b)
To classify:
‘Turtle uses Earth’s magnetic field lines as guides during migration’ either as a proximate or an ultimate cause of the behavior and for all proximate causes. Also, speculate about a possible ultimate cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
(c)
To classify:
The descriptions that ‘a small mammal ignores food sources that have low energy and that are difficult to obtain’ as either a proximate or an ultimate cause of the behavior and in case of proximate causes speculate about a possible ultimate cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
(d)
To classify:
The descriptions in which ‘a bird distracts its predator near its nest, which increases the chance of survival of the nestlings’ as either an ultimate or a proximate cause of the behavior and for all proximate causes give a possible cause of the behavior.
Concept introduction:
Animal behavior is a very broad topic that covers everything that is done by animals. It includes movement and other activities that are performed by the animals. It is such a topic that helps to connect the two streams ecology and animal physiology to a great extent. In an animal behavior, there is involvement, and connection of many physiological systems and connections among the endocrine, muscular, nervous, reproductive and many other organ systems.
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BIOLOGY
- Which research question does not refer to proximate causes of behavior? a.) How do rhesus macaques find their food? b.) how do pigeons that are experimentally displaced find their way back to their home loft? c.) How does dispersal affect the survival of Belding's ground squirrels? d.) Do mother goats learn the odor of their offspring? e.) How do hummingbirds “know” when it is time to return to their overwintering grounds?arrow_forwardWhich of the following questions is most closely associated with anultimate cause of a behavior?a. How does a squid alter its color to blend in with its environment?b. How does a hummingbird’s body shape influence its ability tohover?c. How do alarm calls affect prairie dog fitness?d. Which cues do monarch butterflies use during migration?arrow_forwardWhat is known about this behavior and neutral mechanisms of this behavior? Include details and experiments performed to demonstrate these aspects.arrow_forward
- A genetically inherited, complex pattern of behavior that always appears among members of a particular speciesunder appropriate environmental conditions is a(n)a. reflex.b. instinct.c. drive.d. needarrow_forwardThe field of behavioral ecology asks which question?a. Is behavior hereditary?b. Is behavior adaptive?c. Is behavior modified by experience?d. Is behavior developmentally determined?arrow_forwardwhy altruistic behavior represents and evolutionary paradox. What is the primary hypothesis for the mechanism that led to the evolution of alarm calling?arrow_forward
- Identify if the behavior is innate or learned. a) A baby baboon can recognize a dominance display from another baboon without ever meeting a baboon b) Visual cliff response (fear of heights) c) Ducklings imprinting on the first animal they seearrow_forwardExplain alarm calling in prairie dogs and ground squirrels. what are some data that indicatewhether alarm calling is selfish or altruistic behavior.? why altruistic behavior represents and evolutionary paradox. What is the primary hypothesis for themechanism that led to the evolution of alarm calling?arrow_forwardEvolutionary biology What are 4 conditions in which natural selection favors altruistic behaviors in which the individual performs costly actions to benefit others?arrow_forward
- The idea that behavior must be either innate or learned has been called a “nature versus nurture” controversy. What reasons are there for believing that such a strict dichotomy does not exist?arrow_forwardYoung sea turtles head for the ocean immediately after theyhatch. This behavior is most likelya. innate.b. learned through trial and error.c. classically conditioned.d. the result of habituation.arrow_forwardIdentify how studies of animals suggest that behavior canbe genetically based.arrow_forward
- Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781337392938Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. BergPublisher:Cengage Learning