CONNECT FOR BIOLOGY >IC<
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781259693397
Author: Mader
Publisher: MCG CUSTOM
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Chapter 36, Problem 2TS
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be inhibited in order to reduce high blood pressure. Usually, the angiotensin-converting enzyme, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, is inhibited by drug therapy. Why would this enzyme be an effective point which to disrupt the system?
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The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be inhibited in orderto reduce high blood pressure. Usually, the angiotensin-convertingenzyme, which converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II, is inhibitedby drug therapy. Why would this enzyme be an effective point todisrupt the system?
The long-term regulation of arterial blood pressure is controlled by the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system (RAA system). Explain how the activation of the RAA system is initiated.
What effect would an ACE inhibitor have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production? What effect would an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) have on renin secretion and angiotensin II production?
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- Which of the following does not contribute to the process of filtration? (a) active transport by epithelial cells lining renal tubules (b) large surface area for filtration (c) low permeability of glomerular capillaries (d) high hydrostatic blood pressure in glomerular capillaries (e) podocytesarrow_forwardWhy is excretion important in order to achieve osmotic balance?arrow_forwardFigure 41.8 Loop diuretics are drugs sometimes used to treat hypertension. These drugs inhibit the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions by the ascending limb of the loop of Henle. A side effect is that they increase urination. Why do you think this is the case?arrow_forward
- Explain the role of renin-angiotensin - aldosterone pathway in restoring blood pressure and fluid balance. Include the stimulus for release, the pathway that is involved, and the physiological effects of angiotensin II and aldosterone. Answer should include: Identify stimulus/change that starts the pathway (i.e. Identify the direction of change IN BP or circulating fluid status) What happens in the juxtaglomerular cells? Clue: what stimulus causes the release of renin? Explain action of renin - what protein does it act on? What is it converted to? Which enzymes converts angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2? What are the actions of angiotensin 2? Clue: stimulates adrenal context to produce what? And what effect does angiotensin 2 have on blood vessels? What causes reabsorption of Na into blood ? What effect does this have on blood volume? How is BP restored ? Explain how this relates to equation for BP ( BP= CO x TPR)arrow_forwardAcetazolamide is a diuretic that blocks the activity of the enzyme carbonic anhydrase inside kidney tubule cells. This blockage prevents theformation of carbonic acid from CO2 and water. Normally, carbonicacid dissociates to form H+ and HCO3−, and the H+ is exchanged forNa+ from the urine. Blocking the formation of H+ in the tubule cellsblocks Na+ reabsorption, thus inhibiting water reabsorption andproducing the diuretic effect. With this information in mind, what effectdoes acetazolamide have on blood pH, urine pH, and respiratory rate?arrow_forwarddrugs known as potassium-sparing diuretics work by blocking the effects of aldosterone on the kidney. what effect would these drugs have on the amount of urine produced, on the blood pressure, and on potassium ion concentration in the blood? could these drugs have a negative impact on the acid-base balance of the body? explain.arrow_forward
- A 65-year-old male patient is prescribed an ACE ( Angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor (Benazepril ) for the treatment of hypertension. Which statement below is incorrect? Angiotensin II causes constriction of the vessels and triggers the release of aldosterone. ACE Inhibitors prevent Angiotensinogen I from converting to Angiotensin II. Kidneys will excrete water and potassium. This medication will lower SVR (systemic vascular resistance) and blood pressure.arrow_forwardIndividuals with a rare condition called diabetes insipidus do not produce vasopressin. How would urine output of an individual with diabetes insipidus compare with that of a healthy individual?arrow_forward
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