Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780135755785
Author: Gerald Audesirk, Teresa Audesirk
Publisher: PEARSON+
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Chapter 36, Problem 3FIB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Nephrons are the “functional unit” of the kidney. The nephron is a Greek word which means for a kidney. Nephrons filter the blood and regulate water and soluble substances. It reabsorbs the water and excretes the rest in the form of urine.
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Make a sketch of ONE complete Nephron in the kidney and label to show the blood flow (mark with red) and urine flow in this nephron (you can also use arrow to indicate flow direction).
Remember only ONE nephron in your kidney. show the correct location of this nephron (Cortical vs. Juxtamedullary Nephrons) in the entire kidney.
show the correct blood tubings within the nephron (I should be able to tell afferent and efferent arteriole from your sketch; also your nephron is closely associated with two capillary bed )
If sympathetic nervous system stimulation to the kidney decreases __________________ dilate, glomerular filtration rate ____________________ , ____________________ increase, resulting in ____________________ in blood volume and blood pressure
A) Glomeruli; goes up; potassium ion and water output; decrease
B) Afferent arterioles; goes up; sodium ion and water output; decrease
C) Efferent arterioles; goes down, sodium ion and water output; increase
D) Collecting ducts; goes down; ammonium ion and sodium ion outputs; increase
E) None of these answers is correct
Number the following structures in order of function (1 to 13) during urine formation.
________afferent arteriole
________ascending limb of loop
________collecting duct
________descending limb of loop
________distal convoluted tubule
________efferent arteriole
________glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule & glomerulus (glomerular capillaries)
________nephron loop
________papillary duct
________proximal convoluted tubule
________renal corpuscle
________thick segment of loop
________thin segment of loop
Bladder infections occur when bacteria from outside of the body enter through the urethra and colonize the bladder. Based on the anatomical differences between the sexes, explain why women are more susceptible to bladder infections than men.
Chapter 36 Solutions
Pearson eText Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology -- Instant Access (Pearson+)
Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.1 - define homeostasis and describe how urinary...Ch. 36.1 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.2 - describe and compare the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.3 - list and describe the structures of the human...Ch. 36.3 - Prob. 2CYLCh. 36.3 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.3 - draw and label a nephron?Ch. 36.4 - describe the blood supply of the nephron and how...
Ch. 36.4 - explain the three stages of urine formation,...Ch. 36.4 - describe where in the nephron each stage occurs?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 2TCCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1HYEWCh. 36.5 - Prob. 1CSCCh. 36.5 - What osmoregulatory problems would occur if a...Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 1CYLCh. 36.5 - explain the role of ADH in water reabsorption?Ch. 36.5 - Prob. 3CYLCh. 36.5 - Prob. 4CYLCh. 36.5 - explain how and why the urinary systems of...Ch. 36.5 - Since the 1950s, when living kidney donation was...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1MCCh. 36 - Which of the following matches is correct? a....Ch. 36 - Long nephron loops a. are common in animals with...Ch. 36 - Which of the following is True? a. Collecting...Ch. 36 - Prob. 5MCCh. 36 - Prob. 1FIBCh. 36 - The human kidney consists of an outer layer called...Ch. 36 - Prob. 3FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 4FIBCh. 36 - Fill in the following substances: produced from...Ch. 36 - Prob. 6FIBCh. 36 - Prob. 7FIBCh. 36 - Explain the two major functions of urinary...Ch. 36 - Prob. 2RQCh. 36 - Prob. 3RQCh. 36 - Discuss the differences in function of the two...Ch. 36 - Describe the processes of filtration,...Ch. 36 - Describe the role of the kidneys as organs of...Ch. 36 - Briefly describe and compare the urinary systems...Ch. 36 - Explain and contrast osmoregulation in freshwater...Ch. 36 - Prob. 1ACCh. 36 - Prob. 2AC
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- The Nephron Identify the structures of the nephron by coloring them as described here. Insert arrows to show V. the direction of flow. Afferent arteriole: Dark red • Efferent arteriole: Blue • Proximal convoluted tubule: Pink • Descending limb of loop of Henle: Green • Ascending limb of loop of Henle: Purple Distal convoluted tubule: Orange • Collecting duct: Yellow • Outline Bowman's capsule in brown • Glomerulus: Light redarrow_forwardIndicate the type of nephridium shown in the figure above_____________________________ Name the labeled structures A (entire brown structure) & B and indicate the step in the excretory process occurring at each. Structure Name Process step A. B.arrow_forwardIdentify the structures of the nephron in Figure on a nephron model or chart.arrow_forward
- Name, in correct order, the parts of the nephron through which fluid must pass from the glomerulus to the collecting duct.arrow_forwardTrace blood flow through the kidneys. Start at the renal artery and number the blood vessels in sequence. ________ afferent arteriole ________ arcuate artery ________ arcuate vein ________ efferent arteriole ________ glomerulus ________ interlobar artery ________ interlobar vein ________ interlobular artery ________ interlobular vein ________ peritubular capillary ___1____ renal artery ________ renal vein ________ segmental arteryarrow_forwardDraw and label the tubular components of a nephron and indicate which parts are in the renal cortex and which are in the renal medulla.arrow_forward
- Describe (and label on a diagram) the structures of a nephron (including associated blood vessels) and give the functions of each structure.arrow_forwardMatch each item to the correct statement below. tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the Bowman's capsule and the loop of Henle tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the proximal and distal tubules process that results in the movement of water and solutes, except proteins, from blood plasma into the nephron the state in which the kidneys cannot maintain homeostasis due to damage to nephrons procedure that removes wastes and excess fluid from the blood when kidney function is lost process that removes water from the filtrate in the nephron and returns it for reuse by the body process that moves additional wastes and excess substances from the blood into the filtrate in the nephron tubular portion of the nephron that lies between the collecting duct and the loop of Henle chemical messenger regulated by the hyphothalamus which triggers reabsorption of water into the blood process in which useful substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate in the nephron and…arrow_forwardWrite name of the part of the nephron that has the following function.arrow_forward
- What are the three major types of capillaries associated with the nephron? Describe the location and general function of each.arrow_forwardWrite name of the part of the nephron that has the following function. ______________________ 1. Reabsorption of an additional 15% of water by osmosis. Impermeable to solutes.______________________ 2. Hormones determine if urine is concentrated.______________________ 3. Filters blood and forms filtrate.______________________ 4. Reabsorption of majority of water and solutes from filtrate by active and passive processes. Also secretion occurs here.______________________ 5. Reabsorption of more sodium, chloride, and about 10 to 15% more water.______________________ 6. Reabsorption of sodium and chloride decreases the osmolarity of filtrate. Nearly impermeable to water.arrow_forwardWhich type of nephron (juxtamedullary or cortical) does this setup appear to approximate? Hint: pay attention to mOsm Alcohol blocks ADH. What affect would this have on the volumes and concentrations of urine, tubular, and interstitial fluid?arrow_forward
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