ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135964422
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 37, Problem 12TYU
Summary Introduction
To describe:
How the electrical properties and structure of vertebrate neurons reflect the differences and similarities with other animal cells.
Concept introduction:
Neuron is an excitable cell (electrically), which receives, transmits and processes the information with the help of chemical and electrical signals. The signals between the neurons occur with the help of synapses.
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WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION In a short essay(100–150 words), describe how the structure and electricalproperties of vertebrate neurons reflect similarities anddifferences with other animal cells.
Short FRQ
The figure below illustrates a generic model of neurotransmitter secretion and reception
across a synapse.
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synaptic space
Respond in complete sentences.
postsynaptic
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A model of chemical signaling across a synapse.
(b) Explain the direction of the nerve impulse.
nerve impulse
(a) Describe the structure of the neuron synapse using proper vocabulary.
transporter
-neuro
transmitter
-dendrite
Activation of which pathway leads to a disinhibition of the thalamus and increased cortical activation?
Basal nuclei
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Cortex
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- Glutamate
- Dopamine
Striatum
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B
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A
GPi/SNr
SNC
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Thalamus
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Chapter 37 Solutions
ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 37.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cells membrane potential shifts...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 37.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.4 - Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting...Ch. 37.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Name one or more membrane...Ch. 37 - What happens when a resting neuron's membrane...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is a direct result of...Ch. 37 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION An action potential is an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 37 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The rattlesnake alerts...
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- Enteric glia (specialized macrophages) are in close proximity to neurons and outnumber neurons- 4- to 10-fold 5- to 12-fold 3- to 8-fold 2- to 6-foldarrow_forwardMatch the neuron structure with its correct function or description. 1. Structure that receives stimuli and carries impulses to the cell body Grey matter 2. Part of the neuron that releases a chemical transmitter across the synapse + Myelin sheath 3. Cells that protect, nourish, and defend neurons + White matter 4. Structure that contains the neuron's nucleus and is the site of the neuron's cell metabolism : Synapse 5. The gap between two myelin sheaths that allows faster conduction of action potential 6. Lipid, fatty insulating layer around some axons that protects the neurons and speeds the impulses along the neuron + Dendrite 7. Unmyelinated neurons in the CNS + Axon 8. Structure that transmits impulses away from the cell body to another neuron, the muscles, or glands Axon terminal 9. Myelinated neurons in the CNS Cell body 10. The gap or junction between two neurons or between a neuron and a muscle Node of Ranvier * Glial cellarrow_forwardUsing your knowledge of the central nervous system and various cell-cell interactions, identify the key type(s) of cell junctions in the human cerebral cortex tissue. Briefly describe the function of these cell junctions. How would the function of the central nervous system be impaired if your above identified cell junctions were disrupted?arrow_forward
- Consider a typical mammalian neuron with all of the appropriate membrane channels. If you know that neuron is at rest, at a temperature of 37°C and you know the intracellular and extracellular concentration of the potassium, which of the following statements is most likely to be true? a. The equilibrium potential of potassium would be negative if the concentration of potassium is higher on the inside. b. The equilibrium potential of potassium would be positive if the concentration of potassium is higher on the inside c. The equilibrium potential of potassium cannot be calculated because the Nernst equation requires that you know the concentration of all ions d. The equilibrium potential of potassium be zero if the concentration of potassium is higher on the outside e. None of the abovearrow_forwardGlial cells take care of neurons. Review the different types of glial cells by matching each description with the appropriate cell. You may use answers more than once. 1. Wrap around axons in the CNS: 2. Wrap around axons in the PNS: 3. Regulate exchange of substances with capillaries and control interstitial space: 4. Surround, regulate, and protect cell bodies of neurons in the PNS: 5. Tiny macrophages that engulf unwanted substances and keep the CNS "clean": 6. Provide a supportive network: 7. Help produce cerebrospinal fluid at choroid plexus:arrow_forwardList and describe the two types of cells found in the nervous system. Discuss, in detail, how neurons communicate with each other, including the role of neurotransmitters. Include a description of how different neurotransmitters mediate behaviors and cognitive processes. Watch this Sandrine Thuret’s “You can grow new brain cells. Here’s how” and Sebastian Seung’s “I am my connectome” and summarize, in detail, the main points. Discuss what each video tells us about the function of neurons in creating our thoughts and behaviors. What do you personally think are the most important ideas from each video? Why? Define the terms sensation and perception. Watch the “Do we see reality as it is?” and “Your brain hallucinates your conscious reality” videos and describe the main points of each video in detail. Discuss what the textbook says about how the brain constructs our perceptions of the world. With the information from the videos and textbook, how accurate or “real” do you think our…arrow_forward
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