ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
3rd Edition
ISBN: 9780135964422
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 37.3, Problem 4CC
WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium channels to remain inactivated longer after an action potential. How would this affect the frequency at which action potentials could be generated? Explain.
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Action Potential of Neurons Worksheet
1. Explain how an action potential and graded potential are different. Where do they occur on a
neuron? How long does each last? What kind of gates is each process using?
2. Describe the following in your own words
a.
resting potential
C.
hyperpolarization
e.
threshold
9.
3.
What triggers an action potential? What happens to the membrane to trigger an action potential?
4. What is a positive feedback loop? How does a neuron create a positive feedback loop (self-
propagation)
5.
What is the role of the voltage-gated sodium channels for producing an action potential?
6. What is the role of the voltage-gated potassium channels?
7.
What would happen if the voltage gated sodium channels
a. Never opened?
b. Stayed open longer than normal?
8.
What is the absolute refractory period? What is the relative refractory period?
Consider the following three diagrams of a nerve cell membrane. They show resting potential,
depolarization, and hyperpolarization.…
Please ASAP. Thanku
If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential?
I am not sure
No effect
Becomes more positive
Less positive
WHAT IF? Ouabain, a plant substance used in some cultures topoison hunting arrows, disables the sodium-potassium pump.What change in the resting potential would you expect to seeif you treated a neuron with ouabain? Explain.
Chapter 37 Solutions
ETEXT CAMPBELL BIOLOGY IN FOCUS INSTANT
Ch. 37.1 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.1 - Describe the basic pathway of information flow...Ch. 37.1 - WHAT IF? How might increased branching of an axon...Ch. 37.2 - Under what circumstances could ions flow through...Ch. 37.2 - WHAT IF? Suppose a cells membrane potential shifts...Ch. 37.2 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - How do action potentials and graded potentials...Ch. 37.3 - In multiple sclerosis (from the Greek skleros,...Ch. 37.3 - Prob. 3CCCh. 37.3 - WHAT IF? Suppose a mutation caused gated sodium...
Ch. 37.4 - Prob. 1CCCh. 37.4 - Organophosphate pesticides work by inhibiting...Ch. 37.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS Name one or more membrane...Ch. 37 - What happens when a resting neuron's membrane...Ch. 37 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 37 - Why are action potentials usually conducted in one...Ch. 37 - Which of the following is a direct result of...Ch. 37 - Suppose a particular neurotransmitter causes an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 37 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 37 - DRAW IT Suppose a researcher inserts a pair of...Ch. 37 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 37 - FOCUS ON EVOLUTION An action potential is an...Ch. 37 - Prob. 12TYUCh. 37 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE The rattlesnake alerts...
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- membrane potential -70mV time Which of the statements below describe a situation in which the change in membrane potential above could cause the firing of an action potential? Select all that apply. If the potential is counteracted by an IPSP. If the neuron is in the relative refractory period. If the potential is strong enough to bring the axon hillock to threshold. If the potential is supplemented by a simultaneous (or near- simultaneous) EPSP.arrow_forwardA theoretical drug blocks Na* leak channels - what effect would this have on a neuron's resting membrane potential and why? Would this drug affect the neuron's ability to generate an action potential and why/why not?arrow_forwardAction Refractory potential period 50 6. 50 9. 5. -10. -100 2 3 4 Time (milliseconds) 1 5 6 7 Action Potential in a Neuron Place the number from the graph that matches the description in the blank below. The voltage gated sodium channels are open. The threshold level of the neuron is represented by the number: The sodium channels have closed. The potassium channels are open and potassium ions are flowing out. The potassium channels are slow to close. The membrane potential is more negative than the resting membrane potential. Membrane Potential (mV)arrow_forward
- Consider the brain and spinal neurons. If you bathed a resting neuron with an excess of potassium ions (for example, more than 40 times higher than normal), what would be the effect on resting membrane potential?arrow_forwardIn terms of Na and K ion gradient /movement - what causes the action potential (positive charge peak) inside the cell membrane? - What are the approximate Na and K concentration changes (mMoles) during /after the action potential and what is the directional move of each ion in relation to the cell membrane? - What is the duration of an action potential ? or....over what period of time does the peak rise and fall ? - use proper units.arrow_forwardPlease ASAP. Thanku If one increases the intracellular concentration of Na+ around a neuron, what would happen to the resting membrane potential? Ion Extracellular Concentration (mM) Intracellular Concentration (mM) Na+ 440 50 K+ 20 400 Cl- 560 52 Ca++ 10 1 I am not sure No effect Becomes more positive Less positivearrow_forward
- Part C-Comparing and Contrasting the Two Types of Voltage-Gated lon Channels Sort the phrases into the appropriate bins depending on whether they describe similarities or differences between voltage-gated K* channels and voltage-gated Na+ channels. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help The polarity of the substances they transport across the membrane The direction of ion movement The stimulus that triggers opening through the channel The placement of the channel protein relative to the membrane The inactivation mechanism Similarities Differencesarrow_forwardvoltmeter microelectrode electrode Giant squid axon A voltmeter was used to measure the potential difference across the cell membrane of a giant squid axon. Which of the following best explains the voltmeter reading? Select one: a. The threshold potential has not been reached. b. The sodium potassium exchange pumps are working to take out the sodium ions and bring in the potassium ions. c. The potassium ions have rushed out of the axon, and the potassium channels are slow to shut down. d. The sodium ions have rushed into the axon, and the sodium channels are closing.arrow_forwardNeurons a. How does the neuron re-establish its resting membrane potential after an action potential? -Sodium (Na+) gated channels close -Sodium (Na+) gated channels open -Potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) gated channels close -Sodium/ potassium pumps (Na+/K+ pumps) exchange ions b.Which of the ion channels utilizes a passive transport system (in other words, do not require ATP)? Mark all that apply. -K+ leak channels -K+ channels (gates) -Na+ leak channels -Na+ channels (gates) -Na+/K+ pumps c.The absolute refractory period occurs when the neuron is undergoing the action potential and implies it cannot be further stimulated. True or False d. After an action potential, as the neuron repolarizes, the resting membrane potential is immediately re-established True or False e.Match the type of gate or process with its overall effect on the neuron So Match each term with the best-fit description. Terms: Na+/K+ pump K+ voltage gate Resting membrane potential Hyperpolarization Na+ voltage gate…arrow_forward
- Please ASAP. Thank you. Cyclic nucleotide gated channels (CNG ): Is this channel voltage sensitive? How is this channel gated?arrow_forwardDepolarisation & repolarisation in metaneuron - put the following events in order (from 1 to 4). Membrane potential crosses the threshold potential and an action potential is achieved. Depolarisation occurs when the applied current is sufficient to move membrane potential towards neutral. The neuron's membrane potential drops below the initial resting membrane potential and temporarily becomes refractory to further action potentials. Membrane quickly repolarises by opening of Kt channels, allowing K* ions to leave the cell and charge separation to be re-established.arrow_forwardDepolarisation & repolarisation in metaneuron - put the following events in order (from 1 to 4). Membrane potential crosses the threshold potential and an action potential is achieved. Depolarisation occurs when the applied current is sufficient to move membrane potential towards neutral. The neuron’s membrane potential drops below the initial resting membrane potential and temporarily becomes refractory to further action potentials. Membrane quickly repolarises by opening of K+ channels, allowing K+ions to leave the cell and charge separation to be re-established.arrow_forward
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